Nabonye ubwanjye uburyo impinduka zubushyuhe zishobora kugira ingaruka kumara igihe cya bateri. Mu bihe bikonje, bateri akenshi zimara igihe kirekire. Mu bice bishyushye cyangwa bikabije, bateri zangirika vuba cyane. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo igihe cyo kubaho cya bateri kigabanuka uko ubushyuhe buzamuka:

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zitaziguye igihe bateri zimara, hamwe nubushyuhe butera gusaza vuba no kugabanya imikorere.

Ibyingenzi

• Ubushyuhe bukonje bugabanya ingufu za batirinurwego mugutinda reaction yimiti no kongera ubukana, bigatuma ibikoresho bikora nabi.
• Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihutisha gusaza kwa bateri, kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho, no kongera ingaruka nko kubyimba, kumeneka, n'umuriro, bityo rero gukomeza bateri ni ngombwa.
• Kubika neza, kwishyuza ubushyuhe, no gukurikirana buri gihe bifasha kurinda bateri kwangirika no kongera ubuzima bwabo mubihe byose.

Imikorere ya Batteri mubushuhe bukonje

Kugabanya Ubushobozi nimbaraga

Iyo nkoresheje bateri mugihe cyubukonje, mbona igabanuka rigaragara mubushobozi bwabo n'imbaraga. Mugihe ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi yubukonje, ubushobozi bwa bateri bwo gutanga ingufu buragabanuka cyane. Kurugero, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora gutakaza kugera kuri 40% murwego rwabo hafi ya 0 ° F. Ndetse no mubukonje bworoheje, nka 30s ° F yo hasi, ndabona kugabanuka kwa 5% murwego. Ibi bibaho kuko reaction yimiti imbere muri bateri itinda, kandi imbere imbere biriyongera. Batare ntishobora gutanga ibintu byinshi bigezweho, kandi ibikoresho birashobora gufunga hakiri kare nkuko byari byitezwe.

• Kuri 30s ° F: igihombo cya 5%
• Kuri 20s ° F: gutakaza intera igera kuri 10%
• Kuri 10 ° F: igihombo cya 30%
• Kuri 0 ° F: igihombo kigera kuri 40%

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubushyuhe bukonje butera kugabanuka cyane mubushobozi bwa bateri nimbaraga, cyane cyane ko ubushyuhe bwegereje cyangwa bukagabanuka munsi yubukonje.

Impamvu Batteri Zirwanya Ubukonje

Namenye ko ikirere gikonje kigira ingaruka kuri bateri kurwego rwa chimique na physique. Electrolyte imbere muri bateri iba ndende, igabanya umuvuduko wa ion. Uku kwiyongera kwijimye bituma bigora bateri gutanga ingufu. Imbere yo guhangana irazamuka, itera voltage kugabanuka iyo nkoresheje bateri munsi yumutwaro. Kurugero, bateri ikora mubushobozi 100% mubushyuhe bwicyumba irashobora gutanga hafi 50% kuri -18 ° C. Kwishyuza imbeho nabyo birashobora guteralithium isahani kuri anode, biganisha ku kwangirika burundu no guhungabanya umutekano.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubukonje bwongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’imbere kandi bigabanya umuvuduko w’imiti, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa voltage, kugabanya ubushobozi, no kwangirika kwa batiri iyo byishyuwe nabi.

Amakuru nyayo-yisi yose hamwe ningero

Nkunze kureba amakuru yukuri kwisi kugirango numve uburyo ubukonje bugira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri. Kurugero, nyiri Tesla Model Y yatangaje ko kuri -10 ° C, imikorere ya bateri yimodoka yagabanutse kugera kuri 54%, ugereranije na 80% mugihe cyizuba. Imodoka yari ikeneye guhagarara kwinshi kandi ntishobora kugera kurwego rusanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bunini, nka Analyse ya Auto isubiramo ibinyabiziga birenga 18.000, byemeza ko ibihe by'itumba bihora bigabanya bateri 30-40%. Ibihe byo kwishyuza nabyo biriyongera, kandi feri yoguhindura ibintu ntigikora neza. Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka muri Noruveje ryasanze ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byatakaje 32% byurwego rwubukonje. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko ibihe by'ubukonje bitagira ingaruka ku bushobozi gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku kwihuta no gukoreshwa muri rusange.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Amakuru nyayo aturuka ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki y’abaguzi yerekana ko ikirere gikonje gishobora kugabanya bateri kugera kuri 40%, kongera igihe cyo kwishyuza, no kugabanya imikorere.

Ubuzima bwa Batteri Mubushyuhe Bwinshi

Kwihuta gusaza n'ubuzima bugufi

Nabonye uburyo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora kuburyo butangajegabanya igihe cya bateri. Iyo bateri ikora hejuru ya 35 ° C (95 ° F), imiti yimiti yihuta, itera gusaza vuba no gutakaza ubushobozi budasubirwaho. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko bateri zanduye ibi bihe zitakaza hafi 20-30% yubuzima bwabo buteganijwe ugereranije nububiko bwikirere bworoheje. Kurugero, mukarere gashyushye, igihe cyo kubaho cya bateri kigabanuka kugeza kumezi 40, mugihe mubihe bikonje, bateri zirashobora kumara amezi 55. Iri tandukaniro rituruka ku gipimo cyiyongereye cyo kumena imiti imbere muri bateri. Bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi, nkurugero, imara hagati yimyaka 12 na 15 mubihe bitarenze ariko imyaka 8 kugeza 12 gusa ahantu nka Phoenix, aho usanga ubushyuhe bukabije. Ndetse na terefone zigendanwa zerekana kwangirika kwa batiri byihuse iyo bisigaye ahantu hashyushye cyangwa byishyuwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihutisha gusaza kwa batiri, kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho kugera kuri 30% kandi bigatera ubushobozi bwihuse.

Ingaruka zo gushyuha no kwangirika

Buri gihe nitondera cyane ingaruka ziterwa no gushyuha cyane. Iyo bateri zishyushye cyane, ubwoko bwinshi bwangirika burashobora kubaho. Nabonye ibibyimba bya bateri byabyimbye, imyotsi igaragara, ndetse na bateri zisohora impumuro yamagi yaboze. Imiyoboro migufi y'imbere irashobora kubyara ubushyuhe bukabije, rimwe na rimwe biganisha kumeneka cyangwa kwangiza umuriro. Kwishyuza birenze, cyane hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyuza nabi, byongera izo ngaruka. Imyambarire ijyanye n'imyaka nayo itera kwangirika imbere no kwangiza ubushyuhe. Mugihe gikomeye, bateri zirashobora guhura nubushyuhe bwumuriro, biganisha ku kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwihuse, kubyimba, ndetse no guturika. Raporo zerekana ko umuriro wa batiri ya lithium-ion ugenda wiyongera, buri mwaka hakaba ibihumbi. Mu ndege zitwara abagenzi, ibintu byo guhunga ubushyuhe bibaho kabiri mu cyumweru, akenshi bigatera kugwa byihutirwa. Byinshi muribi byabaye biturutse ku bushyuhe bukabije, kwangirika kwumubiri, cyangwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza nabi.

• Ikariso yabyimbye cyangwa yabyimbye
• Umwotsi ugaragara cyangwa umwotsi
• Ubuso bushyushye hamwe numunuko udasanzwe
• Imirongo migufi imbere nubushyuhe bukabije
• Kumeneka, kunywa itabi, cyangwa ingaruka zumuriro
• Kwangirika burundu no kugabanya ubushobozi

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubushyuhe burashobora gutera kubyimba, kumeneka, umuriro, no kwangirika kwa batiri burundu, bigatuma umutekano no gufata neza ari ngombwa.

Kugereranya Imbonerahamwe ningero

Nkunze kugereranya imikorere ya bateri mubushyuhe butandukanye kugirango numve ingaruka zubushyuhe. Umubare w'amafaranga yishyurwa bateri irashobora kuzuza ibitonyanga bikabije uko ubushyuhe buzamuka. Kurugero, bateri ya lithium-ion yazungurutse kuri 25 ° C irashobora kumara hafi 3.900 mbere yo kugera kuri 80% byubuzima. Kuri 55 ° C, iyi mibare igabanuka kugeza kuri 250 gusa. Ibi birerekana uburyo ubushyuhe bugabanya cyane kuramba kwa bateri.

Imiti itandukanye ya batiri nayo ikora muburyo butandukanye mubihe bishyushye. Batteri ya Lithium fer fosifate (LFP) itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe nubuzima burebure ugereranije na litiro cobalt oxyde (LCO) cyangwa bateri ya nikel cobalt aluminium (NCA). Batteri ya LFP irashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byuzuye mbere yo gutesha agaciro, bigatuma bikoreshwa mugukoresha ahantu hashyushye. Inganda zinganda zirasaba kugumana ubushyuhe bwa batiri hagati ya 20 ° C na 25 ° C kugirango ikore neza. Imodoka zamashanyarazi zigezweho zikoresha sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe kugirango igumane ubushyuhe bukora, ariko ubushyuhe buracyari ingorabahizi.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buragabanuka cyaneubuzima bwa baterino kongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Guhitamo chimie ikwiye ya batiri no gukoresha sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bifasha kubungabunga umutekano no kuramba.

Inama yo Kwitaho Bateri Kubushyuhe Bwose

Imyitozo yo kubika neza

Buri gihe nshyira imbere ububiko bukwiye kugirango nongere igihe kinini cya bateri. Ababikora barasaba kubikabateri ya lithium-ionku bushyuhe bwicyumba, nibyiza hagati ya 15 ° C na 25 ° C, hamwe nigice cya 40-60%. Kubika bateri zuzuye cyangwa mubushyuhe bwinshi byihutisha gutakaza ubushobozi kandi byongera ingaruka z'umutekano. Kuri bateri ya nikel-metal hydride, nkurikiza amabwiriza yo kubika hagati ya -20 ° C na + 35 ° C kandi nkayishyuza buri mwaka. Ndinze gusiga bateri mumodoka zishyushye cyangwa izuba ryinshi, kubera ko ubushyuhe bushobora kurenga 60 ° C kandi bigatera kwangirika vuba. Nabitse bateri ahantu hakonje, humye hamwe nubushyuhe buke kugirango nirinde kwangirika no gutemba. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo ibipimo byo kwisohora byiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe, byerekana akamaro ko kubika ikirere.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Bika bateri ku bushyuhe buringaniye no kwishyurwa igice kugirango wirinde kwihuta kwihuta kandi wongere igihe cyo kubaho.

Kwishyuza Batteri mubihe bikabije

Kwishyuza bateri mubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bisaba kwitonda neza. Ntabwo nigera nishyuza bateri ya lithium-ion munsi yubukonje, kuko ibi bishobora gutera lithium no kwangirika burundu. Nkoresha sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ihindura amashanyarazi ashingiye kubushyuhe, bufasha kurinda ubuzima bwa bateri. Mubihe bya subzero, nshyushya bateri buhoro mbere yo kwishyuza kandi nirinda gusohora cyane. Ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, nishingikiriza kubintu byabanjirije kugumana ubushyuhe bwa bateri mbere yo kwishyuza. Amashanyarazi yubwenge akoresha protocole yo guhuza n'imikorere kugirango yongere umuvuduko wo kwishyuza no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, cyane cyane ahantu hakonje. Buri gihe nishyuza bateri ahantu h'igicucu, gihumeka kandi nkayipakurura bimaze kwishyurwa byuzuye.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Koresha ingamba zogukoresha ubushyuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubwenge kugirango urinde bateri kwangirika mubihe bikabije.

Kubungabunga no gukurikirana

Kubungabunga no gukurikirana buri gihe bimfasha kumenya ibibazo bya batiri hakiri kare. Nkora igenzura ryubuzima buri mezi atandatu, nkibanda kuri voltage, ubushyuhe, nubuzima bwumubiri. Nkoresha sisitemu nyayo yo kugenzura itanga integuza yubushyuhe cyangwa voltage idasanzwe, nkemerera igisubizo cyihuse kubibazo bishobora kuvuka. Nabitse bateri ahantu h'igicucu, gihumeka neza kandi nkoresha insulasiyo cyangwa ibifuniko byerekana kugirango ndinde ihindagurika ryubushyuhe. Ndinze kwishyurwa byihuse mugihe cyubushyuhe kandi nkemeza ko uhumeka neza mubice bya batiri. Guhindura ibihe kugirango gahunda yo kubungabunga imfasha kumenyera impinduka z’ibidukikije no guhindura imikorere ya bateri.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Kugenzura buri gihe no kugenzura igihe nyacyo ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwa bateri no kwirinda kunanirwa n’ubushyuhe.

Nabonye uburyo ubushyuhe bugira imikorere ya bateri nigihe cyo kubaho. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana imibare yingenzi:

• Gukonjesha kwibiza hamwe no gucunga neza ubushyuhe bwongerera igihe cya bateri no guteza imbere umutekano.
• Kubika neza no kwishyuza gahunda bifasha kwirinda kwangirika vuba.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Kurinda bateri ubushyuhe bukabije butuma ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire kandi bukora neza.

Ibibazo

Nigute ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kumashanyarazi?

Ndabona kokwishyuza baterimubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe birashobora guteza ibyangiritse cyangwa kugabanya imikorere. Buri gihe ndishyuza ubushyuhe buringaniye kubisubizo byiza.

Ingingo y'ingenzi:Kwishyuza ubushyuhe buringaniye birinda ubuzima bwa bateri kandi bigatanga uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ingufu.

Nshobora kubika bateri mumodoka yanjye mugihe cyizuba cyangwa itumba?

Ndinze gusiga bateri mumodoka yanjye mugihe cyizuba cyangwa ubukonje bukonje. Ubushyuhe bukabije imbere yimodoka burashobora kugabanya igihe cya bateri cyangwa bigatera ingaruka z'umutekano.

Ingingo y'ingenzi:Bika bateri ahantu hakonje, humye kugirango wirinde kwangirika gukabije.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byerekana ko bateri yangiritse ku bushyuhe?

Ndareba kubyimba, gutemba, cyangwa kugabanya imikorere. Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bisobanura bateri ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa gukonja, bishobora gutera kwangirika burundu.

Ingingo y'ingenzi:Impinduka zifatika cyangwa imikorere idahwitse ishobora kwangirika kwubushyuhe bwa batiri.