Fu Yu, umaze imyaka irenga 20 akora mu bijyanye n'imodoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen, aherutse kugira "akazi gakomeye n'ubuzima bwiza".

“Ku ruhande rumwe, imodoka zikoresha lisansi zizakora imurikagurisha ry’imyaka ine no kwamamaza, kandi iterambere ry’inganda rizazana igihe cy’impinduka”. Ku rundi ruhande, mu mushinga w’itegeko ry’ingufu ryasohotse muri Mata, ingufu za hydrogen zari zashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ingufu mu gihugu cyacu ku nshuro ya mbere, kandi mbere y’ibyo, ingufu za hydrogen zacungwaga hakurikijwe “imiti ihumanya” Yabivuze yishimye mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana n’umunyamakuru wo mu Kigo cy’Itangazamakuru cy’Ubushinwa kuri telefoni.

Mu myaka 20 ishize, Fu Yu yakoze ubushakashatsi n'iterambere muri Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center ku bijyanye n'ingufu nshya zikomoka ku ruganda n'ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen, n'ibindi. Yize na Yi Baolian, impuguke mu by'ingufu zikomoka ku ruganda akaba n'umuhanga mu by'ubumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubwubatsi ry'Abashinwa. Nyuma, yinjiye mu kigo kizwi cyane kugira ngo akore n'amatsinda yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi, mu Buyapani no muri Koreya y'Epfo, "kugira ngo amenye aho icyuho kiri hagati yacu n'urwego rwa mbere ku isi, ariko anamenye ubushobozi bwacu." Mu mpera za 2018, yumvise ko igihe cyari kigeze cyo gushinga ikigo cya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga cyitwa Ji'an hydrogen energy hamwe n'abafatanyabikorwa bahuje ibitekerezo.

Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imodoka zikoresha batiri ya lithiamu n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ya hydrogen. Iya mbere yamamaye ku rugero runaka, ariko mu by'ukuri, ibibazo nko kugenda mu bwato buto, igihe kirekire cyo gusharija, batiri ntoya ndetse no kudakoresha neza ibidukikije ntibyakemutse neza.

Fu Yu n'abandi bemera neza ko imodoka ya hydrogen lisansi ifite uburinzi bumwe bw'ibidukikije ishobora gukosora amakosa y'imodoka ya bateri ya lithium, ari yo "gisubizo cy'ikirenga" cy'ingufu z'imodoka.

Yagize ati: “Muri rusange, bifata igihe kirenga iminota 30 kugira ngo imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ishyushye, ariko iminota itatu cyangwa itanu gusa ku modoka ikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen.” Ariko, inganda zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen ziri inyuma cyane y’izikoresha bateri ya lithium, imwe muri zo ikaba igengwa na bateri - cyane cyane n’imizigo.

“Reaktori y’amashanyarazi ni ahantu habera ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi kandi ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cy’ingufu z’ingufu z’imodoka. Ishingiro ryayo ringana na ‘moteri’, ishobora no kuvugwa ko ari ‘umutima’ w’imodoka.” Fu Yu yavuze ko bitewe n’imbogamizi nyinshi za tekiniki, ibigo bike binini by’imodoka n’amatsinda y’abikorera ku giti cyabo bo mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi bya siyansi ku isi ni bo bafite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu buryo bw’umwuga. Uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu gihugu ni ruke cyane, kandi urwego rw’aho ibintu biherereye ni ruke cyane, cyane cyane igice cy’ibice by’ingenzi, ari na cyo “kigoranye” mu mikorere n’“aho bibabaza” mu ikoreshwa.

Bivugwa ko ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti bipolar plate n'ikoranabuhanga rya metal bipolar plate ari byo bikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Iya mbere ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu neza no gutwara ubushyuhe, kandi ifite isoko rikomeye mu ntangiriro z'inganda, ariko mu by'ukuri, ifite n'intege nke zimwe na zimwe, nko kudafata umwuka neza, igiciro kinini cy'ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga rigoye ryo gutunganya. Plate y'icyuma ifite ibyiza byo kuba ifite uburemere bworoshye, ingano nto, imbaraga nyinshi, ihendutse kandi ikora buhoro, ibi bikaba byitezwe cyane n'ibigo by'imodoka byo mu gihugu no mu mahanga.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Fu Yu yayoboye itsinda rye mu kwiga imyaka myinshi, amaherezo asohora ibikoresho bya mbere bya lisansi by’icyuma bihindagurika byakozwe ku giti cyabyo mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi. Ibi bikoresho bifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya Changzhou Yimai, umufatanyabikorwa w’ingamba, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira fibre laser rya Shenzhen Zhongwei mu rwego rwo gukemura "ikibazo cy'ubuzima" cyabangamiye inganda mu myaka myinshi ishize. Dukurikije amakuru y’ibizamini, imbaraga za reactor imwe zigera kuri 70-120 kW, ari na yo urwego rwo hejuru ku isoko muri iki gihe; ubucucike bw’ingufu bwihariye bungana n’ubwa Toyota, ikigo cy’imodoka kizwi cyane.

Igipimo cyafashwe n'umusonga mushya wa coronavirus mu bihe bikomeye, byatumye Fu Yu agira impungenge cyane. “Abapimye bose batatu bari bateguye mbere bari bonyine, kandi bashoboraga kuyobora abandi bakozi bo mu bushakashatsi no mu bushakashatsi kwiga imikorere y'intebe y'ibizamini binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga buri munsi. Byari ibihe bigoye.” Yavuze ko icyiza ari uko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari byiza kurusha uko byari byitezwe, kandi ishyaka rya buri wese riri hejuru cyane.

Fu Yu yahishuye ko bateganya gutangiza verisiyo ivuguruye y’umusaruro wa reactor uyu mwaka, ubwo ingufu za reactor imwe zizongera zikagera kuri kilowati zirenga 130. Nyuma yo kugera ku ntego ya "reactor nziza cyane mu Bushinwa", bazagira uruhare mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isi, harimo kuzamura imbaraga za reactor imwe zikagera kuri kilowati zirenga 160, gukomeza kugabanya ikiguzi, gukuraho "umutima w'Abashinwa" ufite ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane, no guteza imbere imodoka zitwara lisansi za hydrogen mu gihugu kugira ngo zijye mu "muhanda wihuta".

Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacuruzi b’Imodoka mu Bushinwa, mu 2019, umusaruro n’igurishwa ry’imodoka zikoresha lisansi mu Bushinwa ryari 2833 na 2737, byiyongereyeho 85.5% na 79.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Hari imodoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen zirenga 6000 mu Bushinwa, kandi intego y’ “imodoka zikoresha lisansi 5000 mu 2020” mu buryo bwa tekiniki bwo kuzigama ingufu n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu yagezweho.

Muri iki gihe, imodoka zitwara lisansi ya hydrogen zikoreshwa cyane cyane muri bisi, amakamyo manini, imodoka zidasanzwe n'ahandi mu Bushinwa. Fu Yu yizera ko bitewe n'ibikenewe byinshi mu gutwara no gutwara abantu ku buremere bw'urugendo n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ingaruka mbi z'imodoka zitwara batiri ya lithiamu zizongera kwiyongera, kandi imodoka zitwara lisansi ya hydrogen zizajya zifata iki gice cy'isoko. Bitewe n'uko ibicuruzwa bitwara lisansi bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro kandi bikagira ingano, bizanakoreshwa cyane mu modoka zitwara abagenzi mu gihe kizaza.

Fu Yu yanavuze ko umushinga uheruka w’iyerekanwa ry’imodoka zikoresha lisansi mu Bushinwa n’izamamaza ryerekanye neza ko inganda zikoresha lisansi mu Bushinwa zigomba gutezwa imbere mu iterambere rirambye, rizima, rya siyansi kandi rifite gahunda. Ibi bituma we n’itsinda ry’abikorera barushaho kugira ishyaka n’icyizere.