01 - fosifate ya lithium yerekana inzira igenda izamuka

Batiri ya Litiyumu ifite ibyiza byubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye, kwishyuza byihuse no kuramba. Irashobora kuboneka muri bateri ya terefone igendanwa na bateri yimodoka. Muri byo, batiri ya lithium fer fosifate na bateri yibikoresho bya ternary ni amashami abiri yingenzi ya batiri ya lithium kuri ubu.

Kubisabwa byumutekano, mubijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi n’imodoka zidasanzwe zigamije, ingufu za lithium fer fosifate bateri ifite igiciro gito, ugereranije n’ikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi ryizewe ryakoreshejwe ku kigero cyo hejuru. Bateri ya lithium ya ternary ifite ingufu zidasanzwe zikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Mu cyiciro gishya cy'itangazo, igipimo cya bateri ya lithium fer fosifate mu rwego rw'imodoka zitwara abagenzi cyiyongereye kiva kuri 20% mbere kigera kuri 30%.

Litiyumu y'icyuma cya fosifate (LiFePO4) ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri cathode ya bateri ya lithium-ion. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, kutagira amazi make hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gusohora ibintu muburyo bwuzuye. Nibintu byibandwaho mubushakashatsi, kubyara no kwiteza imbere mubijyanye ningufu zo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion. Nyamara, kubera imiterere yimiterere yacyo, bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe na fosifate ya lithium fer kuko ibikoresho byiza bifite ubushobozi buke, umuvuduko ukabije wa ioni ya lithium, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gusohora mubushyuhe buke. Ibi bivamo ibirometero bike byimodoka zo hambere zifite batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, cyane cyane mubushyuhe buke.

Kugirango dushakishe intambwe ndende yo kwihangana, cyane cyane nyuma ya politiki yingoboka yimodoka nshya zingufu zashyizeho ibisabwa byinshi kugirango ibirometero bihangane n’ibinyabiziga, ubwinshi bw’ingufu, gukoresha ingufu n’ibindi, nubwo batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ifata isoko mbere, lithium ya ternary bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi zahindutse buhoro buhoro isoko nyamukuru yimodoka zitwara abagenzi. Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kumatangazo aheruka gutangaza ko nubwo igipimo cya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate mubijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi cyongeye kwiyongera, igipimo cya batiri ya lithium ternary kiracyari hafi 70%.

02 - umutekano ninyungu nini

Nickel cobalt aluminium cyangwa nikel cobalt manganese ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya anode kuri bateri ya lithium ya ternary, ariko ibikorwa byinshi byibikoresho ntabwo bizana ingufu nyinshi gusa, ahubwo bizana n’umutekano muke. Imibare ituzuye yerekana ko muri 2019, umubare w’impanuka zo gutwika imodoka nshya z’ingufu zavuzwe inshuro 14 ugereranije n’izo muri 2018, kandi ibirango nka Tesla, Weilai, BAIC na Weima byagiye bikurikirana impanuka zo gutwika.

Birashobora kugaragara mu mpanuka ko umuriro ubaho cyane cyane muburyo bwo kwishyuza, cyangwa nyuma yo kwishyurwa, kuko bateri izamuka mubushyuhe mugihe kirekire. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa batiri ya lithium ya ternary burenze 200 ° C, ibintu byiza biroroshye kubora, kandi reaction ya okiside itera guhunga ubushyuhe bwihuse no gutwikwa bikabije. Imiterere ya olivine ya fosifate ya lithium izana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwo guhunga bugera kuri 800 ° C, hamwe na gaze nkeya, bityo bikaba bifite umutekano. Niyo mpamvu kandi, hashingiwe kubitekerezo byumutekano, bisi nshya yingufu zikoresha bateri ya lithium fer fosifate, mugihe bisi zingufu zikoresha bateri ya lithium ya ternary idashobora kwinjira byigihe gito kurutonde rwibinyabiziga bishya byingufu kugirango bitezwe imbere kandi bishyirwe mubikorwa.

Vuba aha, ibinyabiziga bibiri byamashanyarazi bya Changan Auchan byafashe batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, itandukanye ninganda zisanzwe zibanda kumodoka. Moderi ebyiri za Changan Auchan ni SUV na MPV. Umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Chang'an Auchan, Xiong zewei, yabwiye umunyamakuru ati: “ibi birerekana ko Auchan yinjiye ku mugaragaro mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi nyuma y’imyaka ibiri.”

Ku bijyanye n'impamvu ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, Xiong yavuze ko umutekano w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byahoze ari imwe mu “bubabare” bw’abakoresha, kandi ko bihangayikishijwe cyane n’inganda. Urebye ibi, ipaki ya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate yatwawe nimodoka nshya yarangije igeragezwa ntarengwa ryo guteka hejuru ya 1300 ° C, - 20 ° C ubushyuhe buke buhagaze, igisubizo cyumunyu 3.5% gihagaze, 11 kn ingaruka zumuvuduko wo hanze, nibindi ., kandi yageze ku gisubizo cy’umutekano wa batiri “bane badatinya” “kudatinya ubushyuhe, kudatinya ubukonje, kudatinya amazi, kudatinya ingaruka”.

Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, Changan Auchan x7ev ifite moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya magnetiki ihoraho ifite ingufu ntarengwa za 150KW, hamwe na kilometero zirenga 405 hamwe na bateri ndende yubuzima buhebuje hamwe ninshuro 3000 zo kwishyuza cycle. Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, bisaba igice cyisaha gusa kugirango wuzuze ibirometero birenga 300 km. Ati: “Mubyukuri, kubera ko hariho uburyo bwo gufata feri yo gufata ingufu, kwihanganira ibinyabiziga bishobora kugera kuri kilometero 420 mu gihe akazi gakorwa mu mujyi.” Xiong yongeyeho.

Dukurikije gahunda nshya y’iterambere ry’inganda z’ingufu (2021-2035) (Umushinga w’ibitekerezo) yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizagera kuri 25% muri 2025. Birashobora kugaragara ko igipimo cya ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizakomeza kwiyongera mugihe kizaza. Ni muri urwo rwego, harimo na Chang'an Automobile, imishinga gakondo yigenga yimodoka yihuta yihutisha imiterere yisoko ryimodoka nshya.