01 – fosifate y'icyuma ya lithium igaragaza icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera

Bateri ya Lithium ifite ibyiza byo kuba ntoya, uburemere bworoshye, gusharija vuba no kuramba. Iboneka kuri bateri ya telefoni igendanwa na bateri y'imodoka. Muri zo, bateri ya lithium iron phosphate na bateri ya ternary material ni amashami abiri akomeye ya bateri ya lithium muri iki gihe.

Ku bijyanye n'umutekano, mu bijyanye n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi n'imodoka zigenewe imirimo yihariye, bateri ya lithium iron phosphate ifite igiciro gito, igezweho kandi ifite umutekano yakoreshejwe ku gipimo cyo hejuru. Bateri ya ternary lithium ifite ingufu nyinshi ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Mu itangazo rishya, igipimo cya bateri ya lithium iron phosphate mu bijyanye n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi cyariyongereye kiva kuri munsi ya 20% mbere kigera kuri 30%.

Fosfeti y'icyuma ya Lithium (LiFePO4) ni imwe mu bikoresho bya cathode bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora bateri za lithium-ion. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, ifata amazi make kandi ikora neza mu gihe cyo gusohora umuriro mu gihe cyuzuye umuriro. Ni yo yibandwaho mu bushakashatsi, mu gukora no guteza imbere bateri za lithium-ion zikoresha ingufu n'ingufu. Ariko, bitewe n'imiterere yayo, bateri ya lithium-ion ifite fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium nk'ibikoresho byiza ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara umuriro, ikwirakwira buhoro rya iyoni ya lithium, kandi ikora nabi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke. Ibi bituma imodoka za mbere zifite bateri ya fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe buke.

Kugira ngo hashakishwe iterambere ry’uburyo imodoka zitwara abagenzi zitwara abagenzi, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko politiki y’inkunga y’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ishyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi ku buryo imodoka zitwara abagenzi zitwara abagenzi zitwara abagenzi, ubucucike bw’ingufu, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ibindi bintu, nubwo bateri ya lithium iron phosphate yari imaze gufata isoko mbere, bateri ya ternary lithium ifite ubucucike bw’ingufu nyinshi yagiye iba ingenzi ku isoko ry’imodoka nshya zitwara abagenzi. Bigaragara mu itangazo riheruka ko nubwo igipimo cya bateri ya lithium iron phosphate mu bijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi cyazamutse, igipimo cya bateri ya lithium iron phosphate kiracyari hafi 70%.

02 – umutekano ni wo nyungu ikomeye

Muri rusange, aluminiyumu ya nikeli cobalt cyangwa nikeli cobalt manganese ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bya anode kuri batiri za lithiyumu ya ternary, ariko imikorere myinshi y'ibikoresho ntabwo izana gusa ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, ahubwo inazana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano. Imibare idahagije igaragaza ko mu 2019, umubare w'impanuka zo kwishyushya imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu wavuzwe inshuro 14 kurusha uwo mu 2018, kandi ibigo nka Tesla, Weilai, BAIC na Weima byagiye bikora impanuka zo kwishyushya.

Bigaragara ko umuriro uba ahanini mu gihe cyo gusharija, cyangwa nyuma gato yo gusharija, kuko bateri izazamuka mu bushyuhe mu gihe cy'igihe kirekire ikora. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri ya ternary lithium burenze 200 ° C, ibikoresho byiza biroroha kubora, kandi oxidation response ituma ubushyuhe bugenda vuba kandi bugashya cyane. Imiterere ya olivine ya phosphate y'icyuma cya lithium itera ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bugenda bugera kuri 800 ° C, kandi ikorwa rya gazi rike, bityo ikaba ifite umutekano muke. Iyi niyo mpamvu, hashingiwe ku by'umutekano, bisi nshya zikoresha bateri za phosphate y'icyuma cya lithium, mu gihe bisi nshya zikoresha bateri za lithium zikoresha bateri za lithium zidashobora kwinjira mu rutonde rw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu kugira ngo zirusheho kubyazwa umusaruro no kuzikoresha.

Vuba aha, imodoka ebyiri zikoresha amashanyarazi za Changan Auchan zakoresheje bateri ya lithium iron phosphate, itandukanye n'ibigo bikoresha imodoka rusange byibanda ku modoka. Ubwoko bubiri bwa Changan Auchan ni SUV na MPV. Xiong zewei, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Chang'an Auchan Research Institute, yabwiye umunyamakuru ati: “ibi bigaragaza ko Auchan yinjiye ku mugaragaro mu gihe cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi nyuma y’imyaka ibiri ishyirwa mu bikorwa.”

Ku bijyanye n'impamvu bateri ya phosphate y'icyuma ya lithium ikoreshwa, Xiong yavuze ko umutekano w'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu wahoraga ari kimwe mu "bintu bibabaza" abakoresha, ndetse n'ibigo bihangayikishijwe cyane. Mu gusuzuma ibi, bateri ya phosphate y'icyuma ya lithium itwarwa n'imodoka nshya yarangije ikizamini ntarengwa cyo gutekesha umuriro urenze 1300 ° C, - 20 ° C ubushyuhe buke buhagaze, 3.5% by'umunyu uhagaze, 11 kn y'umuvuduko wo hanze, nibindi, kandi yageze ku gisubizo cy'umutekano wa bateri "zine zidatinya" cya "kudatinya ubushyuhe, kudatinya ubukonje, kudatinya amazi, kudatinya ingaruka".

Amakuru avuga ko Changan Auchan x7ev ifite moteri ihoraho ihuza ingufu za magnet ifite imbaraga ntarengwa za 150KW, ifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 405 na bateri imara igihe kirekire cyane ifite chargeur y’inshuro 3000. Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, bifata igice cy'isaha gusa kugira ngo wongere uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 300. Xiong yongeyeho ati: “Mu by’ukuri, bitewe n’uko hariho sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu za feri, uburebure bw’imodoka bushobora kugera kuri kilometero 420 mu gihe cy’akazi ko mu mujyi.”

Dukurikije gahunda yo guteza imbere inganda nshya zikoresha ingufu (2021-2035) (umushinga w’ibitekerezo) watanzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, kugurisha imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bizagira uruhare rungana na 25% mu 2025. Bigaragara ko igipimo cy’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza. Muri urwo rwego, harimo na Chang'an Automobile, ibigo bisanzwe bikoresha imodoka zigenga birimo kwihutisha imiterere y’isoko ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.