Batteri ya alkaline yagize uruhare runini ku mbaraga zigendanwa igihe zagaragaye hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Ivumburwa ryabo, ryitiriwe Lewis Urry mu myaka ya za 1950, ryashyizeho dioxyde de zinc-manganese itanga ubuzima burebure kandi bwizewe kuruta ubwoko bwa batiri. Mu myaka ya za 1960, bateri zahindutse ibikoresho byo murugo, zikoresha ibintu byose uhereye kumatara kugeza kumaradiyo. Muri iki gihe, ibice birenga miliyari 10 bikozwe buri mwaka, bikemura ibibazo bikenerwa n’ibisubizo by’ingufu. Ihuriro ry’inganda zateye imbere ku isi hose ryemeza ubuziranenge buhoraho, hamwe nibikoresho nka dincide ya zinc na manganese bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere yabo.

Ibyingenzi

• Batteri ya alkaline, yahimbwe na Lewis Urry mu myaka ya za 1950, yahinduye imbaraga zishobora kubaho igihe kirekire no kwizerwa ugereranije n'ubwoko bwa batiri mbere.
• Umusaruro wa bateri ya alkaline ku isi wibanze mu bihugu nka Amerika, Ubuyapani, n'Ubushinwa, bigatuma umusaruro uva mu rwego rwo hejuru uhuza abakiriya.
• Ibikoresho by'ingenzi nka zinc, dioxyde ya manganese, na hydroxide ya potasiyumu ni ngombwa mu mikorere ya bateri ya alkaline, hamwe n'iterambere mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho byongera imikorere yabo.
• Uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora bukoresha automatike kugirango itezimbere neza n'umuvuduko, bivamo bateri zimara igihe kirekire kandi zikora neza kurenza izababanjirije.
• Batteri ya alkaline ntishobora kwishyurwa kandi ikwiranye nibikoresho bito bito kandi bitagabanije, bigatuma bahitamo ibintu byo murugo bya buri munsi.
• Kuramba biragenda byihutirwa mubikorwa bya batiri ya alkaline, hamwe nababikora bakora ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije nibikoresho kugirango babone ibyo abaguzi bakunda.
• Kubika neza no kujugunya bateri ya alkaline irashobora kwongerera igihe cyo kuramba no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, bikerekana akamaro ko gukoresha neza.

Inkomoko yamateka ya Bateri ya Alkaline

Ivumburwa rya Bateri ya Alkaline

Inkuru ya bateri ya alkaline yatangiranye no kuvumbura ibintu mu mpera za 1950.Lewis Urry, injeniyeri yimiti yo muri Kanada, yakoze bateri ya mbere ya zinc-manganese dioxyde ya alkaline. Udushya twinshi twakemuye ibikenewe cyane kumashanyarazi aramba kandi yizewe. Bitandukanye na bateri zabanje, akenshi zananiwe gukoreshwa ubudahwema, igishushanyo cya Urry cyatanze imikorere isumba iyindi. Iri terambere ryateje impinduramatwara mubikoresho byabaguzi bigendanwa, bifasha iterambere ryibicuruzwa nkamatara, amaradiyo, n ibikinisho.

In 1959, bateri ya alkaline yakoze bwa mbere ku isoko. Intangiriro yabo yaranze impinduka mu nganda zingufu. Abaguzi bamenye vuba ikiguzi-cyiza kandi neza. Izi bateri ntizimara igihe kirekire gusa ahubwo zatanze ingufu zihoraho. Uku kwizerwa kwatumye bahita bakundwa murugo no mubucuruzi kimwe.

Urry mu buzima bwe yagize ati: "Batiri ya alkaline ni imwe mu majyambere akomeye mu mbaraga zigendanwa." Ivumburwa rye ryashizeho urufatiro rw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya batiri, bigira ingaruka ku guhanga udushya mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Umusaruro hakiri kare no kurerwa

Umusaruro hakiri kare wa bateri ya alkaline yibanze ku gukemura ibibazo bikenerwa n’ibisubizo by’ingufu zikoreshwa. Ababikora bashyize imbere kongera umusaruro kugirango babone kuboneka. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, bateri zari zimaze kuba ibikoresho byo murugo. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guha imbaraga ibikoresho byinshi byatumye biba ingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Muri kiriya gihe, ibigo byashora imari cyane mu gutunganya inzira yo gukora. Bagamije kuzamura imikorere nigihe kirekire cya bateri ya alkaline. Uku kwiyemeza ubuziranenge byagize uruhare runini mukwakira vuba. Mu mpera z'imyaka icumi, bateri za alkaline zari zimaze kwihitiramo abakiriya ku isi.

Intsinzi ya bateri ya alkaline nayo yagize uruhare mugutezimbere ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ibikoresho byashingiraga ku mbaraga zigendanwa byarushijeho gutera imbere no kugerwaho. Iyi sano ya symbiotic hagati ya bateri na electronics yatumye udushya munganda zombi. Uyu munsi, bateri ya alkaline ikomeje kuba umusingi wibisubizo byingufu zamashanyarazi, bitewe namateka yabo meza kandi byizewe.

Bateri ya alkaline ikorerwa he uyumunsi?

Ibihugu Bikora Inganda

Bateri ya alkaline yakozwe uyumunsi iva mubigo bitandukanye byo kwisi. Amerika iyoboye umusaruro hamwe n’amasosiyete nka Energizer na Duracell ikora ibikoresho bigezweho. Izi nganda zemeza umusaruro mwiza wo mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Ubuyapani nabwo bufite uruhare runini, Panasonic igira uruhare mu gutanga isoko ku isi binyuze mu nganda zayo zigezweho. Koreya y'Epfo naUbushinwa bwagaragaye nkabakinnyi bakomeye, gukoresha ubushobozi bwinganda zabo kugirango batange umusaruro munini neza.

Mu Burayi, ibihugu nka Polonye na Repubulika ya Ceki byahindutse ibigo bikomeye byo gukora. Ahantu habo hateganijwe hashobora gukwirakwizwa byoroshye kumugabane. Ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nka Berezile na Arijantine nabyo byinjira ku isoko, byibanda ku karere. Uru rusobe rwisi rwemeza ko bateri ya alkaline ikomeza kugera kubakoresha kwisi yose.

Impuguke mu nganda zikunze kuvuga ziti: "Umusaruro wa bateri ya alkaline ku isi ugaragaza imiterere ihuriweho n’inganda zigezweho." Uku gutandukana ahantu habyazwa umusaruro gushimangira urunigi rwo gutanga kandi rushyigikira kuboneka bihoraho.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumusaruro

Ibintu byinshi byerekana aho bateri ya alkaline ikorerwa. Ibikorwa remezo byinganda bigira uruhare runini. Ibihugu bifite ubushobozi buhanitse bwo gukora, nka Amerika, Ubuyapani, na Koreya yepfo, byiganje ku isoko. Ibi bihugu bishora imari cyane mu ikoranabuhanga no mu buryo bwikora, bigatanga umusaruro ushimishije.

Ibiciro by'umurimo bigira ingaruka no ku bicuruzwa.Urugero, Ubushinwa bwungukaduhereye kubikorwa byabakozi bafite ubuhanga nibikorwa bikoresha amafaranga menshi. Iyi nyungu ituma abakora mubushinwa bahatanira ubuziranenge nigiciro. Kuba hafi y'ibikoresho fatizo ni ikindi kintu gikomeye. Dioxyde ya Zinc na manganese, ibice byingenzi bya bateri ya alkaline, birashoboka cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe, bikagabanya amafaranga yo gutwara.

Politiki ya leta n’amasezerano yubucuruzi bikomeza gufata ibyemezo byumusaruro. Ibihugu bitanga imisoro cyangwa inkunga bikurura ababikora bashaka guhitamo ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza y’ibidukikije agira ingaruka aho inganda zashinzwe. Ibihugu bifite politiki ihamye akenshi bisaba tekinoroji igezweho kugirango igabanye imyanda n’ibyuka bihumanya.

Uku guhuza ibintu byemeza ko bateri ya alkaline ikozwe mubice bitandukanye byisi byujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi. Isaranganya ry’ibikorwa by’umusaruro ku isi ryerekana inganda zijyanye no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Ibikoresho nuburyo bukoreshwa muri Bateri ya Alkaline

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byakoreshejwe

Batteri ya alkaline yishingikiriza neza byatoranijwe guhuza ibikoresho kugirango bitange imikorere yizewe. Ibice byibanze birimozinc, dioxyde ya manganese, nahydroxide ya potasiyumu. Zinc ikora nka anode, mugihe dioxyde ya manganese ikora nka cathode. Potasiyumu hydroxide ikora nka electrolyte, yorohereza urujya n'uruza rwa ion hagati ya anode na cathode mugihe ikora. Ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe kubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika ingufu cyane no kubungabunga umutekano mubihe bitandukanye.

Ababikora akenshi bazamura cathode ivanze na karubone. Iyi nyongera itezimbere kandi ikazamura imikorere ya bateri muri rusange. Gukoresha ibikoresho bifite isuku nyinshi bitanga ingaruka nke zo kumeneka kandi bikongerera igihe cya bateri. Batiyeri ya alkaline yateye imbere yakozwe uyumunsi nayo igaragaramo ibikoresho byateguwe neza, bibafasha kubika ingufu nyinshi kandi bikaramba kurenza verisiyo zabanjirije iyi.

Inkomoko yibi bikoresho igira uruhare runini mu musaruro. Dioxyde ya Zinc na manganese iraboneka cyane, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikorwa binini. Nyamara, ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya bateri. Abakora inganda zambere bashira imbere isoko kubatanga isoko ryizewe kugirango bakomeze ubuziranenge buhoraho.

Inzira yo Gukora

Umusaruro wa bateri ya alkaline ikubiyemo urukurikirane rwintambwe zuzuye zagenewe gukora neza no kwizerwa. Inzira itangirana no gutegura ibikoresho bya anode na cathode. Ifu ya Zinc itunganyirizwa gukora anode, mugihe dioxyde ya manganese ivanze na karubone kugirango ikore cathode. Ibyo bikoresho noneho bigizwe muburyo bwihariye kugirango bihuze na bateri.

Ibikurikira, igisubizo cya electrolyte, kigizwe na hydroxide ya potasiyumu, cyateguwe. Iki gisubizo gipimwa neza kandi cyongewe kuri bateri kugirango itume ion itemba. Intambwe yo guterana irakurikira, aho anode, cathode, na electrolyte byahujwe mugisanduku gifunze. Iyi kase isanzwe ikozwe mubyuma, itanga kuramba no kurinda ibintu byo hanze.

Automation igira uruhare runini mugukora bateri igezweho. Imirongo itanga umusaruro wuzuye, nkiyakoreshejwe na Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., yemeza neza kandi neza. Iyi mirongo ikora imirimo nko kuvanga ibikoresho, guteranya, no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Imashini zigezweho zigabanya amakosa yumuntu kandi zongera umuvuduko wumusaruro.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge nintambwe yanyuma kandi ikomeye. Buri bateri ikorerwa ibizamini bikomeye kugirango igenzure imikorere yayo n'umutekano. Ababikora bapima ibintu nkibisohoka ingufu, birwanya kumeneka, kandi biramba. Gusa bateri zujuje ubuziranenge zikomeza gupakira no gukwirakwiza.

Gukomeza kunoza tekinike yubuhanga byatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi mubuhanga bwa bateri ya alkaline. Abashakashatsi bakoze uburyo bwo kongera ubwinshi bwingufu no kongera ubuzima bwizunguruka, bareba ko bateri ya alkaline ikomeza guhitamo kwizerwa kubakoresha kwisi yose.

Ubwihindurize bwa Bateri ya Alkaline

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga

Umusaruro wa bateri ya alkaline wagize impinduka zidasanzwe mumyaka. Nitegereje uburyo iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryagiye risunika imipaka y'ibyo bateri zishobora kugeraho. Ibishushanyo byambere byibanze kumikorere yibanze, ariko udushya tugezweho twahinduye imikorere n'imikorere.

Kimwe mubintu byingenzi byagezweho harimo gukoresha ibikoresho bya cathode byongerewe imbaraga. Ababikora ubu bashyiramo karubone nyinshi murwego rwa cathode. Iri hinduka ryongera ubwikorezi, bikaviramo bateri zifite ubuzima burebure kandi bikongerera ingufu imbaraga. Iterambere ntabwo ryujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi gusa ahubwo binatera imbere kuzamuka kw isoko.

Irindi terambere ryingenzi riri muburyo bwo guhuza ingufu. Bateri ya alkaline igezweho ibika ingufu nyinshi mubunini buto, bigatuma iba nziza kubikoresho byoroshye. Abashakashatsi banateje imbere ubuzima bwa bateri. Uyu munsi, zirashobora kumara imyaka icumi nta kwangirika kwimikorere igaragara, kwemeza kwizerwa kubikwa igihe kirekire.

Automation yagize uruhare runini mugutunganya inzira yo gukora. Imirongo yuzuye yumusaruro wuzuye, nkiyi kuri Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., yemeza neza kandi neza. Izi sisitemu zigabanya amakosa kandi zongera umuvuduko wumusaruro, zemerera ababikora kuzuza ibyifuzo byisi yose neza.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bugira buti: "Kugaragara kw'ikoranabuhanga rishya rya batiri ya alkaline yerekana ubushobozi n'amahirwe menshi ku nganda za batiri". Iterambere ntabwo rihindura gusa uburyo dukoresha bateri ahubwo rinashyigikira iterambere ryingufu zishobora kongera amashanyarazi.

Imigendekere yisi yose munganda

Inganda za batiri ya alkaline ikomeje gutera imbere isubiza isi yose. Nabonye ko hibandwa cyane ku buryo burambye no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ababikora barimo gukoresha ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, nko kugabanya imyanda mugihe cyo kubyara no gushakisha ibikoresho neza. Izi mbaraga zijyanye no kwiyongera kwabaguzi kubicuruzwa birambye.

Isabwa rya bateri ikora cyane nayo yagize ingaruka mubikorwa byinganda. Abaguzi biteze bateri zimara igihe kirekire kandi zikora muburyo butandukanye. Ibi bitezwe byatumye ababikora bashora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere. Udushya muri siyansi yubumenyi nubuhanga bwo gukora butuma bateri ya alkaline ikomeza guhatanira isoko.

Kuba isi ihinduka nk’inganda. Ihuriro ry’inganda mu bihugu nka Amerika, Ubuyapani, n'Ubushinwa byiganjemo umusaruro. Uturere dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nakazi kabuhariwe kugirango batange bateri nziza. Muri icyo gihe, amasoko agaragara muri Amerika y'Epfo no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya agenda arushaho kwiyongera, yibanda ku karere no ku bushobozi buke.

Kwinjiza bateri ya alkaline muri sisitemu yingufu zishobora kongera kwerekana ikindi cyerekezo gikomeye. Kwizerwa kwabo hamwe nubucucike bwingufu zituma bibera imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma hamwe na porogaramu zitari grid. Mugihe ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa zikura, bateri za alkaline zigira uruhare runini mugushigikira sisitemu.

Batteri ya alkaline yahinduye uburyo dukoresha ibikoresho, bitanga ubwizerwe kandi bihindagurika kuva byavumbuwe. Umusaruro wabo ku isi urimo ihuriro rikomeye muri Amerika, Aziya, n'Uburayi, bigatuma abaguzi aho bagera hose. Ubwihindurize bwibikoresho nka dincide ya zinc na manganese, bifatanije nuburyo bugezweho bwo gukora, byongereye imikorere no kuramba. Izi bateri zikomeza kuba ntangarugero kubera ingufu nyinshi, igihe kirekire, nubushobozi bwo gukorera ahantu hatandukanye. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ndizera ko bateri ya alkaline izakomeza guhaza icyifuzo gikenewe kugirango igisubizo kiboneye kandi kirambye.

Ibibazo

Nshobora kubika bateri ya alkaline kugeza ryari?

Bateri ya alkaline, bizwi kuramba kuramba, mubisanzwe birashobora kubikwa kugeza kumyaka 5 kugeza 10 nta gutakaza imikorere ikomeye. Kamere yabo idashobora kwishyurwa ituma bagumana ingufu mugihe runaka. Kugirango wongere ubuzima bwo kubika, ndasaba kubigumisha ahantu hakonje, humye kure yizuba ryinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije.

Bateri ya alkaline irashobora kwishyurwa?

Oya, bateri ya alkaline ntishobora kwishyurwa. Kugerageza kubishyuza birashobora gukurura cyangwa kwangirika. Kuburyo bwakoreshwa, ndasaba gushakisha ubwoko bwa bateri ishobora kwishyurwa nka nikel-icyuma cya hydride (NiMH) cyangwa bateri ya lithium-ion, igenewe uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza.

Nibihe bikoresho bikora neza hamwe na bateri ya alkaline?

Batteri ya alkaline ikora neza bidasanzwe mubikoresho bito kandi bitagereranywa. Harimo kugenzura kure, amatara, amasaha yo kurukuta, nibikinisho. Kubikoresho byamazi menshi nka kamera ya digitale cyangwa kugenzura imikino, ndasaba gukoresha lithium cyangwa bateri zishishwa kugirango zikore neza.

Kuki bateri ya alkaline rimwe na rimwe itemba?

Kumeneka kwa bateri bibaho mugihe imiti yimbere ikora bitewe no kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, gusohora cyane, cyangwa kubika bidakwiye. Iyi reaction irashobora gutuma hydroxide ya potasiyumu, electrolyte, isohoka. Kugirango wirinde kumeneka, ndagira inama yo kuvana bateri mubikoresho bidakoreshwa mugihe kinini no kwirinda kuvanga bateri zishaje kandi nshya.

Nigute nshobora guta neza bateri ya alkaline?

Mu turere twinshi, bateri ya alkaline irashobora kujugunywa hamwe n’imyanda isanzwe yo mu rugo kuko itagifite mercure. Ariko, ndashishikarizwa kugenzura amabwiriza yaho, kuko uduce tumwe na tumwe dutanga gahunda yo gutunganya bateri. Gusubiramo bifasha kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije kandi bigashyigikira imikorere irambye.

Niki gituma bateri ya alkaline itandukanye nubundi bwoko?

Bateri ya alkaline ikoresha dioxyde ya zinc na manganese nkibikoresho byabo byibanze, hamwe na hydroxide ya potasiyumu nka electrolyte. Iyi miterere itanga ingufu zingana nubuzima burebure ugereranije nubwoko bwa bateri ishaje nka zinc-karubone. Ubushobozi bwabo no kwizerwa bituma bahitamo gukoreshwa kumikoreshereze ya buri munsi.

Bateri ya alkaline irashobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe bukabije?

Batteri ya alkaline ikora neza mubushyuhe bwa 0 ° F kugeza 130 ° F (-18 ° C kugeza 55 ° C). Ubukonje bukabije burashobora kugabanya imikorere yabo, mugihe ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera kumeneka. Kubikoresho byugarije ibihe bibi, ndasaba bateri ya lithium, ikora ubushyuhe bukabije cyane.

Nabwirwa n'iki ko bateri ya alkaline ikeneye gusimburwa?

Igikoresho gikoreshwa na bateri ya alkaline irashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana imikorere igabanutse, nkamatara yaka cyangwa imikorere itinda, mugihe bateri ziri hafi kubura. Gukoresha ibizamini bya batiri birashobora gutanga inzira yihuse kandi yukuri yo kugenzura amafaranga asigaye.

Hariho ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kuri bateri ya alkaline?

Nibyo, bateri zishobora kwishyurwa nka NiMH na lithium-ion ni amahitamo yangiza ibidukikije. Bagabanya imyanda bemera gukoresha byinshi. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mubakora ubu bakora bateri ya alkaline igabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, nkizakozwe mu bikoresho bitunganijwe neza cyangwa munsi y’ibirenge bya karuboni.

Nakora iki niba bateri ya alkaline isohotse?

Niba bateri yamenetse, ndasaba kwambara uturindantoki kugirango dusukure ahantu hafashwe nuruvange rwamazi na vinegere cyangwa umutobe windimu. Ibi bitesha agaciro alkaline. Kujugunya bateri yangiritse neza kandi urebe ko igikoresho gisukuye neza mbere yo gushyiramo bateri nshya.