Iyo ngereranyije bateri y'ibanze na bateri y'inyongera, mbona itandukaniro rikomeye ari uburyo bwo kongera gukoreshwa. Nkoresha bateri y'inyongera rimwe, hanyuma nkayijugunya. Bateri y'inyongera inyemerera kongera kuyikoresha no kuyikoresha. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere, ikiguzi, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije.

Muri make, bateri z'ibanze zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha rimwe gusa, ariko bateri z'inyongera zitanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha no gukomeza ubuzima.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Bateri z'ibanzeitanga ingufu zizewe kandi zikoreshwa rimwe gusa, kandi zimara igihe kirekire, zikwiriye ibikoresho bidatwara amazi menshi cyangwa ibikoresho byihutirwa.
• Bateri zo mu rwego rwa kabirishyiramo ingufu inshuro amagana kugeza ku bihumbi, uzigama amafaranga kandi ukagabanya imyanda mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa kenshi.
• Guhitamo bateri ikwiye biterwa n'ibyo igikoresho gikeneye, igiciro cyo kuringaniza, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije kugira ngo habeho umusaruro mwiza.

Bateri y'ibanze: Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga by'ingenzi

Bateri y'ibanze ni iki?

Iyo mvuze kuri bateri y'ibanze, nerekeza ku bwoko bwa bateri bubika ingufu kugira ngo ikoreshwe rimwe. Iyo maze gukoresha ingufu zose mbitse, sinshobora kuzishyiramo ingufu. Izi bateri nzibona mu bintu byinshi bya buri munsi kuko zorohereza kandi zizewe.

Muri make, bateri y'ibanze ni isoko y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa rimwe gusa ntashobora kongera kuyikoresha.

Uburyo Bateri z'ibanze zikora

Ndabona ko bateri y'ibanze ikora amashanyarazi binyuze mu gikorwa cya shimi kiri mu kagari. Icyo gikorwa kibaho rimwe gusa. Uko nkoresha bateri, imiti irahinduka kandi ntishobora gusubira uko yari imeze mbere. Iki gikorwa gituma bateri idasubizwa umuriro.

Muri make, bateri y'ibanze ikora ihindura ingufu za shimi mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi binyuze mu buryo bumwe.

Ubwoko Busanzwe n'Ingero z'Isi Nyayo

Nkunda gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa bateri z'ibanze. Izisanzwe zirimo:

• Bateri za alkali (zikoreshwa muriuburyo bwo kugenzura kuren'ibikinisho)
• Bateri za Lithium z’ibanze (ziboneka muri kamera no mu byuma bipima umwotsi)
• Bateri z'ibiceri (zikoreshwa mu masaha n'amakuru y'ingenzi)

Ibi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya bateri bikenera ingufu zihamye kandi zizewe mu gihe gito.

Muri make, nishingikiriza kuri bateri z'ibanze ku bikoresho bikenera imbaraga zizewe kandi zikoreshwa rimwe gusa.

Amakuru y'Ikoreshwa n'Imyaka Yo Kuramba

Buri gihe ntekereza igihe bateri y'ibanze imara. Igihe imara ku gikoresho kimbwira igihe bateri ishobora kumara idakoreshejwe ariko igakomeza gukora. Igihe ikora kigaragaza igihe ikoresha igikoresho. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo imfasha kugereranya ubwoko buzwi cyane:

Ndabona ko ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bishobora kugabanya igihe bateri imara. Kugira ngo mbone umusaruro mwiza, mbika bateri ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba n'ubushuhe buringaniye.

Muri make, bateri z’ibanze zitanga igihe kirekire kandi zikora neza, ariko igihe nyacyo cyo kuzikoresha giterwa n’uburyo igikoresho gibikwamo n’uburyo kibikwamo.

Bateri ya kabiri: Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga by'ingenzi

Bateri ya kabiri ni iki?

Iyo mvuga ku bateri z’inyongera, nerekeza ku tunyangingo tw’amashanyarazi nshobora kongeramo ingufu no kuzikoresha kenshi. Amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda yemera ko izi bateri ari ibisubizo birambye kandi bihendutse byo kubika ingufu. Bitandukanye na bateri z’ibanze, sinjya nzijugunya nyuma yo kuzikoresha rimwe. Ndazishyiramo ingufu gusa ngakomeza kuzikoresha mu bikorwa bitandukanye.

Muri make, bateri ya kabiri ni isoko y'amashanyarazi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Uburyo bateri za kabiri zikora

Ndabona ko bateri zo mu rwego rwa kabiri zikora binyuze mu buryo bwa shimi bushobora guhindurwa. Iyo nyujuje ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigarura imiterere y'umwimerere ya shimi iri mu kagari. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, bateri irekura ingufu zabitswe binyuze mu gusubiza inyuma iyi nzira. Iyi gahunda isubiramo inshuro amagana cyangwa ibihumbi, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa bateri n'uburyo nkoresha.

Muri make, bateri zo mu rwego rwa kabiri zikora binyuze mu kwemerera imikorere y’ibinyabutabire kujya mu mpande zombi, bigatuma kongera gusharija bishoboka.

Ubwoko Busanzwe n'Ingero z'Isi Nyayo

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nkunda guhura n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho by'inyongera:

• Bateri za nikeli-metal hydride (Ni-MH): Nzikoresha muri telefoni zidafite insinga na kamera za digitale.
• Bateri za Lithium-ion (Li-ion): Izi nzisanga muri telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
• Bateri za nikeli-kadiyumu (Ni-Cd): Ndazibona mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi no mu matara yihutirwa.

Ibi bikoresho bitanga ingufu za bateri bikenera gusharija kenshi no kuba byizewe igihe kirekire.

Muri make, bateri z’inyongera ni ingenzi ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bisaba ingufu zihoraho.

Amakuru y'Ikoreshwa n'Imyaka Yo Kuramba

Buri gihe ntekereza igihe bateri ya kabiri imara. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza igihe isanzwe ikora n'amakuru akoreshwa ku bwoko buzwi cyane:

Ndabona ko gusharija no kubika neza byongera igihe bateri imara. Ubushyuhe bwinshi no gusharija byinshi bishobora kugabanya imikorere.

Mu gusoza, bateri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zitanga agaciro k'igihe kirekire binyuze mu mikorere myinshi yo gushyushya no gukora neza iyo nzazikoresheje neza.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati ya bateri y'ibanze n'iya kabiri

Kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gusharija

Iyo ngereranyije ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa bateri, mbona itandukaniro rigaragara mu buryo nkoresha. Nkoreshabateri y'ibanzerimwe, hanyuma nkayisimbuza iyo irangiye. Sinshobora kuyishyushya. Mu buryo bunyuranye, nyishyushya inshuro nyinshi batiri y'inyongera. Iyi mikorere ituma batiri z'inyongera ziba nziza ku bikoresho nkoresha buri munsi, nka telefoni zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa. Nsanga kongera kuyikoresha bitazigama amafaranga gusa uko igihe kigenda ariko binagabanya imyanda.

Muri make, nkoresha bateri y'ibanze mu gukoresha inshuro imwe, mu gihe nkoresha bateri z'inyongera mu gukoresha inshuro nyinshi no kongera gusharija.

Ibitera ingaruka z'imiti n'ububiko bw'ingufu

Ndabona ko imikorere ya shimi iri muri izi bateri ikora mu buryo butandukanye. Muri bateri y'ibanze, imikorere ya shimi ijya mu cyerekezo kimwe. Iyo imiti imaze gukora, sinshobora guhindura inzira. Ibi bituma bateri idasubiramo amashanyarazi. Iyo bateri y'inyongera, imikorere ya shimi irasubirwamo. Iyo nyujuje amashanyarazi muri bateri, nsubiza imiterere ya shimi yari isanzweho, bigatuma nongera kuyikoresha.

Iterambere riherutse ryateje imbere ubwoko bwombi bw'ibicuruzwa:

• Bateri za Lithium-ion ubu zigera ku bucucike bw'ingufu bugera kuri 300 Wh / kg.
• Electrolyte zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zituma batiri zitekanye kandi zigakora neza kurushaho.
• Anode zishingiye kuri silicon hamwe n'imiterere mishya y'uturemangingo byongera ubucucike bw'ingufu.
• Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha bateri za sodium-ion na metal-air kugira ngo bazikoreshe mu gihe kizaza.

Muri make, mbona ko bateri z’ibanze zikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gukora ibintu bya shimi, mu gihe bateri z’inyongera zikoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bushobora kongera gusharija no kubika ingufu nyinshi.

Igihe cy'ubuzima n'amakuru y'imikorere

Buri gihe ntekereza igihe bateri imara n'uko ikora neza. Bateri y'ibanze akenshi imara igihe kirekire, rimwe na rimwe ikamara imyaka 10, ariko nshobora kuyikoresha rimwe gusa. Igihe cyo kuyikoresha giterwa n'igikoresho n'uko gikoreshwa. Bateri z'inyongera zitanga amashanyarazi amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Urugero, bateri za lithium-ion zishobora kumara kuva ku nshuro 300 kugeza ku nshuro zirenga 2.000, cyane cyane ko ikoranabuhanga rishya rigamije igihe kirekire cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no kubika amashanyarazi.

Mu gusoza, nahisemo bateri y'ibanze yo kumara igihe kirekire no gukoreshwa rimwe gusa, ariko nahisemo bateri y'inyongera yo gukoreshwa kenshi kandi iramba muri rusange.

Igereranya ry'Ibiciro n'Imibare yo mu Isi Nyayo

Iyo ndebye ibiciro, mbona kobateri y'ibanze ikunze kugabanukambere. Urugero, ipaki ya bateri enye za AA alkaline ishobora kugura $3–$5. Ariko, ngomba kuzisimbuza nyuma ya buri gukoresha. Bateri ya kabiri, nk'iy'icyuma cya AA Ni-MH gishobora kongera gushyirwamo, ishobora kugura $2–$4 kuri buri imwe, ariko nshobora kuyishyiramo inshuro zigera ku 1.000. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, nkoresha amafaranga make mu guhitamo bateri zishobora kongera gushyirwamo ku bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.

Muri make, mbere na mbere nishyura menshi kuri batiri zisanzwe, ariko ndazigama amafaranga mu gihe kirekire iyo nzikoresheje kenshi.

Imibare y'Ingaruka ku Bidukikije n'Ibyakoreshejwe mu Gutunganya Ibintu

Nzi neza ko guhitamo bateri bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Iyo nkoresheje bateri y'ibanze, nkora imyanda myinshi kuko nyijugunya nyuma yo kuyikoresha rimwe. Bateri za kabiri zifasha kugabanya imyanda kuko nyishyiramo ingufu nkeya kandi nkazongera kuyikoresha. Ariko, ubwoko bwombi butanga imbogamizi zo kongera gukoresha. Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha bateri kiracyari hasi ku isi yose, kandi ikibazo cy'ubuke bw'umutungo ni uko gikomeje kwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi bushya bwa bateri, nka solid-state na sodium-ion, bugamije gukoresha ibikoresho birambye no kunoza imikorere myiza yo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.

Muri make, mfasha ibidukikije mu guhitamo bateri za kabiri zo gukoresha kenshi no kongera gukoresha bateri zose neza igihe cyose bishoboka.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Bateri y'ibanze

Ibyiza byo gukoresha amakuru ashyigikira

Iyo nhisemo bateri y'ibanze, mbona ibyiza byinshi bisobanutse. Ndabona ko izi bateri zimara igihe kirekire, bivuze ko nshobora kuzibika imyaka myinshi ntatakaje ingufu nyinshi. Nishingikiriza kuri bateri z'ibanze ku bikoresho bikenera ingufu zihuse kandi zizewe, nk'amatara n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Nsanga bateri z'ibanze zikora neza mu bikoresho bidatwara amazi menshi, nka za remote controls n'amasaha yo ku rukuta. Nishimira uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzikoresha kuko ntakeneye kuzikoresha. Nshobora kuzikoresha ako kanya mu ipaki.

Dore zimwe mu nyungu z'ingenzi:

• Igihe kirekire cyo kubika:Bateri z'ibanze za alkalineishobora kumara imyaka 10 mu bubiko.
• Gukoresha ako kanya: Sinkeneye kwishyuza mbere yo gukoresha.
• Iboneka cyane: Nshobora kugura bateri z'ibanze hafi ya hose.
• Imikorere ihamye: Izi bateri zitanga voltage ihoraho kugeza igihe zirangiye.

Inama: Buri gihe mfata ipaki ya bateri z'ibanze mu bihe byihutirwa kuko zikora neza nubwo zimaze imyaka myinshi zibitswe.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Bateri ya Kabiri

Ibyiza byo gukoresha amakuru ashyigikira

Iyo nkoreshejebateri z'inyongera, mbona ibyiza byinshi bituma ziba amahitamo meza ku bikoresho bigezweho. Nshobora kongera ingufu kuri izi bateri inshuro amagana cyangwa ibihumbi, ibyo bikamfasha kuzigama amafaranga mu gihe kirekire. Ndabona ko bateri za lithium-ion, urugero, zishobora kumara igihe kingana n'amasaha 2.000 iyo nzazikoresha kandi nkanazishyuza neza. Ibi bivuze ko ntagomba kugura bateri nshya kenshi.

Nanone nsanga bateri zindi zifasha kugabanya imyanda. Iyo nongeye gukoresha bateri imwe, njugunya bateri nke buri mwaka. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika, bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zishobora kugabanya imyanda ya bateri zo mu rugo kugeza kuri 80%. Ndabona ko izi bateri zikora neza mu bikoresho bitwara amazi menshi nka telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi mbona:

• Kuzigama amafaranga mu gihe kirekire bitewe no kongera gukoreshwa
• Ingaruka nke ku bidukikije
• Imikorere myiza mu bikoresho bisaba imbaraga nyinshi
• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uhoraho mu gihe cyo gukoresha

Muri make, nahisemo bateri z’inyongera kubera ko zihendutse, imikorere yazo ikomeye, n’ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije.

Ingaruka mbi ku makuru ashyigikira

Nanone mbona imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe iyo nkoresha bateri zisanzwe. Nishyura amafaranga menshi mbere y'igihe kuribateri zishobora kongera gusharijwaugereranije n’izo zikoreshwa rimwe gusa. Urugero, bateri ya lithium-ion ishobora kugura inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu kurusha bateri ya alkaline. Ngomba kandi gukoresha charger, ibyo bikaba byongera ishoramari ryanjye rya mbere.

Bateri zo mu bwoko bwa kabiri zishobora gutakaza ubushobozi uko igihe kigenda. Nyuma y'amasaha amagana yo gushyushya, nabonye ko bateri ifata ingufu nke. Urugero, bateri isanzwe ya Ni-MH ishobora kugabanuka ikagera kuri 80% by'ubushobozi bwayo bwa mbere nyuma y'amasaha 500. Nanone ngomba gufata no kubika izi bateri neza kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika cyangwa ibyago by'umutekano.

Muri make, ndapima ikiguzi cyo hejuru mbere na mbere n'igabanuka ry'ubushobozi buhoro buhoro ugereranije n'uburyo bwo kuzigama no korohereza bateri zisanzwe mu gihe kirekire.

Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa bateri

Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha batiri y'ibanze

Ndagera kuribateri y'ibanzeIyo nkeneye umuriro wihuse mu bikoresho bidasaba gusimburwa kenshi. Nkoresha izi bateri mu matara yihutirwa, amasaha yo ku rukuta, no mu byuma bigenzura ikoranabuhanga. Ndabona ko ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, nk'ibikoresho bifasha kumva n'ibipimo bya glucose, akenshi bishingiye kuri bateri z'ibanze kuko zitanga voltage ihamye kandi zimara igihe kirekire. Nkunda bateri z'ibanze mu bihe byo gusimbuza kuko zimara imyaka myinshi zishaje kandi zigakora neza.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nhitamo bateri y'ibanze ku bikoresho bikenera ingufu zizewe, zikoreshwa rimwe gusa kandi zigabikwa igihe kirekire.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha batiri ya kabiri

Nhitamo bateri z’inyongera ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bisaba gusharija buri gihe kandi zikora neza cyane. Nkoresha bateri zishobora gusharija muri telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, na kamera. Nkoresha bateri z’inyongera ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kuko zishyigikira amashanyarazi amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Nsanga izi bateri ari nziza ku bikinisho, ecouteur zidafite umugozi, na controller z’imikino, aho kuzikoresha kenshi bituma kongera gusharija ari ingirakamaro kandi bihendutse.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nkoresha bateri z'inyongera ku bikoresho bisaba gusharija kenshi no gukoresha imbaraga zihoraho uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Ingero n'imibare by'Isi Nyayo

Ndabona ibintu bisobanutse neza mu ikoreshwa rya bateri mu nganda zitandukanye. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka ku isoko, ingo zirenga 80% zikoresha bateri z’ibanze mu byuma bigenzura kure no mu byuma bipima umwotsi. Ndabona ko bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ubu zikoresha telefoni zigendanwa zirenga 90% na mudasobwa zigendanwa ku isi yose. Mu rwego rw’imodoka, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha bateri z’inyongera gusa, aho uturemangingo twa lithium-ion dutanga umuriro ugera ku 2.000. Ndabona ko guhindura bateri zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha bishobora kugabanya imyanda ya bateri zo mu rugo kugeza kuri 80%.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nhuza ubwoko bwa bateri n'ibyo igikoresho gikeneye, nkoresha bateri z'ibanze ku zikoresha amazi make, zidakoreshwa kenshi na bateri z'inyongera ku zikoresha amazi menshi kandi kenshi.

I hitamo bateri y'ibanzeku bikoresho bigabanya amazi nkoresha gake cyane. Nkoresha bateri zindi kugira ngo ngire amashanyarazi menshi kandi zisaba gusharijwa kenshi. Buri gihe ntekereza ku giciro, uburyo bworoshye, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije mbere yo gufata icyemezo. Ubwoko bwa bateri bukwiye bumfasha kuzigama amafaranga no kugabanya imyanda.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nhuza uburyo bateri ikoreshwa n'ibyo igikoresho gikeneye kugira ngo nbone umusaruro mwiza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ibihe bikoresho bikora neza na bateri z'ibanze?

Nkoreshabateri z'ibanzemu bikoresho bigabanya amazi nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura kure, amasaha yo ku rukuta, n'amatara y'ubutabazi.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nhitamo bateri z'ibanze ku bikoresho bikenera ingufu zizewe kandi zikoreshwa rimwe gusa.

Ni kangahe nshobora kongera gusharija bateri y'inyongera?

Ndashyiramo umurirobateri z'inyongeraInshuro amagana cyangwa ibihumbi, bitewe n'ubutabire n'ikoreshwa ryabyo.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nhitamo bateri zo kongeramo ingufu kugira ngo zisanwe kenshi kandi zikoreshwe igihe kirekire.

Ese bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ni nziza ku bidukikije?

Ngabanya imyanda ya bateri nkoresheje bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Nfasha kugabanya ingaruka z'imyanda no kuzigama umutungo.

• Bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zigabanya imyanda ya bateri zo mu rugo kugeza kuri 80%.

Ingingo y'ingenzi: Nshyigikiye ko ibintu biramba binyuze mu guhitamo bateri zishobora gusharijwa igihe cyose bishoboka.