Isoko ryisi yose ya bateri zishobora kwishyurwa itera imbere muguhanga no kwizerwa, hamwe nababikora bake bahora bayobora amafaranga. Ibigo nka Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, na EBL byamamaye binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ndetse n’imikorere idasanzwe. Urugero, Panasonic izwi cyane muri bateri ya lithium-ion igezweho, ikoreshwa cyane mu binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki y’abaguzi. LG Chem na Samsung SDI byigaragaza cyane murwego rwo gutanga amasoko n’imigabane ikomeye ku isoko, aho Samsung SDI ivuga ko amafaranga y’umuriro wa batiri yinjiza miliyoni 15.7 KRW. CATL ni indashyikirwa mu buryo burambye kandi bwagutse, mu gihe EBL itanga ibisubizo byinshi-bihuye n'ibikenerwa n'abaguzi. Aba bakora ibicuruzwa bashiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya bateri nziza cyane zishobora kwishyurwa mubijyanye nigihe kirekire, umutekano, nibikorwa bihoraho.

Ibyingenzi

• Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, na EBL bakorabateri zikomeye. Buri sosiyete ni nziza mubintu nkibitekerezo bishya, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no gukora.
• Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ninziza yo kubika ingufu nyinshi kandi ikamara igihe kirekire. Bakora neza muri terefone n'imodoka z'amashanyarazi, batanga imbaraga zihamye kandi zikomeye.
• Umutekano ni ngombwa cyane kuri bateri zishishwa. Reba ibirango nka IEC 62133 kugirango umenye neza ko bikurikiza amategeko yumutekano kandi bigabanye amahirwe yibibazo.
• Tekereza kubyo igikoresho cyawe gikeneye mugihe utoragura bateri. Hitamo imwe ijyanye ningufu zikoreshwa nigikoresho cyawe kugirango ukoreshwe neza kandi urambe.
• Kwita kuri bateri birashobora gutuma bimara igihe kirekire. Ubarinde ahantu hashyushye cyane cyangwa hakonje kandi ntukabishyure hejuru kugirango bakore neza.

Ibipimo bya Batiri nziza-nziza

Ubucucike bw'ingufu

Ubucucike bw'ingufu ni ikintu gikomeye mu kumenya imikorere ya bateri zishishwa. Ipima ingano yingufu zibitswe kuburemere cyangwa ingano, bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya bateri no kuyikoresha. Bateri ya Litiyumu-ion, urugero, itanga ingufu za gravimetric zingana kuva 110 kugeza 160 Wh / kg, bigatuma biba byiza mubisabwa bisaba ingufu zoroheje kandi zoroheje, nka terefone zigendanwa n’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

Ubucuruzi hagati yubucucike bwingufu nibindi bintu, nkubuzima bwikiziga, bigaragara muburyo bwa bateri zitandukanye. Bateri ya Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) itanga ingufu zingana hagati ya 60 na 120 Wh / kg, iringaniza ubushobozi buciriritse kandi buhendutse. Ibinyuranye, bateri ya alkaline yongeye gukoreshwa itanga ingufu za mbere zingana na 80 Wh / kg ariko zifite ubuzima buke bwikurikiranya bwa 50 gusa.

Ubwoko bwa Bateri	Ingufu za Gravimetricike (Wh / kg)	Ubuzima bwa Cycle (kugeza 80% byubushobozi bwambere)	Kurwanya Imbere (mΩ)
NiCd	45-80	1500	100 kugeza 200
NiMH	60-120	300 kugeza 500	200 kugeza 300
Kurongora Acide	30-50	200 kugeza 300	<100
Li-ion	110-160	500 kugeza 1000	150 kugeza 250
Li-ion polymer	100-130	300 kugeza 500	200 kugeza 300
Kongera gukoresha alkaline	80 (intangiriro)	50	200 kugeza 2000

Inama:Abaguzi bashakabateri nziza cyaneigomba gushyira imbere lithium-ion ihitamo kubisabwa bisaba ingufu nyinshi nubuzima burebure.

Kuramba no Kuramba

Igihe cyo kubaho cya bateri yongeye kwishyurwa bivuga umubare wumuzunguruko-wo gusohora ushobora kwihanganira mbere yuko ubushobozi bwacyo bugabanuka munsi ya 80% yagaciro kambere. Kuramba, kurundi ruhande, bikubiyemo ubushobozi bwa bateri yo guhangana n’ibidukikije, nk’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe n'ingaruka za mashini.

Ibizamini birebire byubuzima hamwe nuburyo bwihuse bwo gusaza byagize uruhare runini mugusuzuma igihe kirekire. Ibi bizamini bigereranya imiterere-nyayo yisi, harimo ubujyakuzimu butandukanye bwo gusohora no kwishyurwa, kugirango hamenyekane igihe kirekire. Kurugero, bateri ya lithium-ion mubisanzwe imara hagati ya 500 na 1.000, bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa nuburyo bwo kubika. Bateri ya Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), izwiho gukomera, irashobora kugera ku cyerekezo kigera ku 1.500, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nganda.

Icyitonderwa:Kubika neza no kubungabunga byongerera cyane igihe cya bateri. Irinde kwerekana bateri kubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa kurenza urugero kugirango ubungabunge igihe kirekire.

Ibiranga umutekano

Umutekano niwo wambere mugushushanya kwa batiri kwishyurwa, kuko ibyabaye birimo kunanirwa na batiri bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi. Ababikora bashiramo uburyo bwinshi bwumutekano, nko guhagarika ubushyuhe, umuyaga woguhumeka, hamwe na electrolyte yateye imbere, kugirango bagabanye ingaruka.

Ibyabaye mu mutekano by’amateka bishimangira akamaro ko kwipimisha no kubahiriza ibipimo nka IEC 62133.Urugero, Boeing 787 Dreamliner yahuye n’ibibazo bya batiri mu 2013 kubera ikabutura y’amashanyarazi, bituma hahindurwa ibishushanyo mbonera kugira ngo umutekano urusheho kwiyongera. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, impanuka y’imizigo UPS 747-400 mu mwaka wa 2010 yerekanye ububi bw’umuriro wa batiri ya lithium, biganisha ku mategeko akomeye yo gutwara indege.

Ibisobanuro byabaye	Umwaka	Ibisubizo
Boeing 787 Bateri ya Dreamliner yananiwe kubera amashanyarazi make	2013	Igishushanyo cya bateri cyahinduwe kubwumutekano
UPS 747-400 umuriro utwara ibintu uterwa na batiri ya lithium	2010	Impanuka y'indege kubera umuriro
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano wo gutwara abantu cyatangaje ibyerekeranye na batiri hamwe na bateri ya NiCd	1970	Gutezimbere umutekano byakozwe mugihe runaka

Imenyesha:Abaguzi bagomba gushakisha ibyemezo nka IEC 62133 mugihe baguze bateri zishishwa kugirango hubahirizwe ibipimo byumutekano wisi.

Guhuza imikorere

Imikorere idahwitse nikintu gikomeye mugihe cyo gusuzuma bateri zishobora kwishyurwa. Yerekeza ku bushobozi bwa bateri kugirango igumane ibipimo bihamye, nko kugumana ubushobozi no gusohora ingufu, hejuru yinshuro zisubiramo. Ababikora bashyira imbere iyi miterere kugirango bamenye kwizerwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, uhereye kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugeza kubikoresho byinganda.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gupima guhuza

Ibizamini byinshi hamwe na metrics byerekana imikorere ya bateri zishishwa. Iri suzuma ritanga ubushishozi kuburyo bateri igumana ubushobozi n'imikorere mugihe. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana bimwe mubipimo bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda:

Ikizamini / Ibipimo	Agaciro kuri 235 Cycle	Ibisobanuro
Kugumana ubushobozi (Bare Si-C)	70.4%	Yerekana ijanisha ryubushobozi bwumwimerere bwagumishijwe nyuma yizunguruka 235.
Kugumana ubushobozi (Si-C / PD1)	85.2%	Kugumana cyane ugereranije na Si-C yambaye ubusa, yerekana imikorere myiza.
Kugumana ubushobozi (Si-C / PD2)	87.9%	Imikorere myiza murugero, yerekana ituze rirenze ukwezi.
cyose hamwe (60% Electrolyte)	60.9 mAh μl - 1	Ibipimo bihoraho byerekana, bitatewe nubunini bwa electrolyte.
cyose hamwe (80% Electrolyte)	60.8 mAh μl - 1	Bisa na 60% electrolyte, yerekana kwizerwa mubihe bitandukanye.
Isuzuma ry'ubuzima	N / A.	Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma imikorere ya bateri mugihe.

Amakuru yerekana ko bateri zifite imiterere igezweho, nka Si-C / PD2, zigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kugumana ubushobozi. Ibi birerekana akamaro ko guhanga udushya mu kugera ku mikorere ihamye.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumikorere

Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muguhuza bateri zishishwa. Muri byo harimo:

• Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge, nka silicon-karubone ikora, byongera ituze kandi bigabanya kwangirika mugihe.
• Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi: Ingano ya electrolyte ikwiye ituma ion igenda neza, bikagabanya ihindagurika ryimikorere.
• Gucunga Ubushyuhe: Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, bushobora guhungabanya ubusugire bwa bateri.

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo iboneza rya batiri ritandukanye rikora mubijyanye no kugumana ubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwose (crusange) mubihe bitandukanye:

Impamvu Imikorere ihamye

Imikorere ihamye yemeza ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa na bateri zishishwa bikora neza mubuzima bwabo bwose. Kurugero, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisaba ingufu zihamye kugirango bigumane urwego rwo gutwara, mugihe ibikoresho byubuvuzi biterwa nimbaraga zidahagarara kubikorwa bikomeye. Batteri idahwitse irashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwihuse, biganisha kubasimburwa kenshi nibiciro byiyongera.

Inama:Abaguzi bagomba gutekereza kuri bateri zifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana ubushobozi hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe kugirango barebe ko bizerwa igihe kirekire.

Mugushimangira imikorere idahwitse, abayikora barashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo bya kijyambere mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka kubidukikije nubukungu.

Abakora Hejuru Nimbaraga zabo

Panasonic: Guhanga udushya no kwizerwa

Panasonic yigaragaje nk'intangarugero mu nganda za batiri zishobora kwishyurwa binyuze mu guhanga udushya no kwiyemeza kwizerwa. Isosiyete ishora imari cyane mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere kugira ngo habeho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya batiri ryita ku byo abaguzi bakeneye. Batteri ya lithium-ion, izwiho kuba ifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe nubuzima burebure, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byikoranabuhanga rikomeye nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na elegitoroniki y’abaguzi.

• Panasoniceneloop ™bateri zishobora kwishyurwa zigaragara cyane kuburyo budasanzwe, zitanga inshuro zigera kuri eshanu zuzuza inshuro nyinshi kuruta ibicuruzwa byinshi birushanwe.
• Abakoresha bahora batanga raporo yigihe kirekire kandi nigihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse, bishimangira ikirango cyizerwa.
• Isosiyete ishyira imbere umutekano ishyiramo uburyo bugezweho bwo gukumira ubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko muke, nizindi zishobora kunanirwa. Buri bateri ikorerwa ibizamini bikomeye kugirango yuzuze amahame akomeye yumutekano, yemeza ko aramba no mubihe bibi.

Panasonic yibanze ku buryo burambye irusheho kwiyongera. Mugukomeza ingufu mugihe no kugabanya imyanda binyuze mubuzima bwa bateri, isosiyete ihuza imbaraga nisi yose kugirango igabanye ingaruka zibidukikije. Izi mico zituma Panasonic ihitamo hejuru kubakoresha bashakabateri nziza cyane.

LG Chem: Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

LG Chem yabonye umwanya wuyobora mu isoko rya batiri yumuriro binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi yibanda cyane ku mikorere. Batteri ya lithium-ion irazwi cyane kubikorwa byayo mumashanyarazi, aho kuramba no guhendwa ari ngombwa.

• Ibicuruzwa bya RESU byo kubika ingufu zituye byakiriwe neza kubera ubuziranenge no guhanga udushya.
• LG Chem ifatanya na 16 muri 29 ba mbere bakora amamodoka ku isi, bishimangira ubwiganze bwayo nk’abatanga ibinyabiziga binini ku isi.
• Amapaki ya batiri ya 12V ya lithium-ion atanga ingufu nyinshi nubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse, bigatuma biba byiza kubikemura.

1. LG Chem ikora inganda 40 zitanga umusaruro kumugabane wa gatatu, zitanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora.
2. Isosiyete ifite ibyemezo byinshi byumutekano, byongera ubwizerwe no kwizerana kwabaguzi.
3. Batteri zayo zihora zigaragaza imikorere ihanitse, hamwe nibintu nko kwishyurwa byihuse no gutanga amashanyarazi yizewe.

Muguhuza indashyikirwa mu ikoranabuhanga no kwiyemeza ubuziranenge, LG Chem ikomeje gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda za batiri zishobora kwishyurwa.

Samsung SDI: Guhinduranya no gukora

Samsung SDI ntangarugero mugutanga bateri zitandukanye kandi zikora cyane. Ibicuruzwa byayo byashizweho kugirango bihuze ibyifuzo bya porogaramu zitandukanye, kuva ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kugeza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

• Batteri ya Samsung SDI ifite ingufu zingana na 900 Wh / L, ituma ibishushanyo mbonera bitabangamiye ingufu.
• Hamwe nubuzima burebure burenze 1.000 hamwe na Coulomb ikora 99.8%, bateri zituma imikorere ihoraho mugihe.
• Ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri ya Samsung SDI ituma ibinyabiziga bigera kuri kilometero 800 ku giciro kimwe, byerekana imbaraga zisumba izindi.

Isosiyete yibanda ku guhanga udushya igera no mubikorwa byayo byo gukora, ishyira imbere kuramba no gukora neza. Mugutanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi bitandukanye, Samsung SDI yashimangiye izina ryayo nk'umuyobozi mumasoko ya batiri yumuriro.

CATL: Kuramba no kwaguka

CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited) yagaragaye nkumuyobozi wisi yose mubikorwa bya batiri yumuriro, bitewe nubwitange bwayo burambye kandi bunini. Isosiyete ikurikirana byimazeyo ibisubizo bishya kugirango igabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu gihe ikeneye ibisabwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.

• CATL yihaye intego zikomeye zo kugera ku kirere cya zeru mu 2050. Irateganya guha amashanyarazi imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu 2030 hamwe n’amakamyo aremereye mu 2035, ikerekana ubwitange bwayo mu bwikorezi burambye.
• Iterambere rya bateri ya sodium-ion yerekana ubushobozi bwa CATL bwo guhanga udushya. Izi bateri zitanga ubushobozi bwumuriro bwihuse hamwe nubucucike bwinshi, bigatuma bukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.
• Kwinjiza bateri ya M3P biranga indi ntambwe. Iyi bateri itezimbere ingufu mugihe igabanya ibiciro ugereranije na batiri gakondo ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP).
• Bateri ya CATL yegeranye, ifite ingufu zingana na 500 Wh / kg, iteganijwe kubyazwa umusaruro mu mpera za 2023. Iri terambere ryerekana ko sosiyete ari intangarugero mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ikora cyane.

CATL yibanda ku bipimo byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byayo bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'inganda kuva ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi kugeza kubika ingufu zishobora kubaho. Muguhuza ibikorwa birambye hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho, CATL ikomeje gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya bateri nziza zishishwa.

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EBL: Amahitamo Yubushobozi Bwinshi

EBL kabuhariwe mu gukora bateri zishobora kwishyurwa cyane zijyanye n’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi. Ikirangantego kizwiho kuba cyoroshye kandi gihindagurika, bigatuma ihitamo gukundwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi. Ariko, ibisubizo byo gupima ubushobozi byerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yamamajwe nibikorwa nyabyo.

Ubwoko bwa Bateri	Ubushobozi bwamamajwe	Ubushobozi bwapimwe	Itandukaniro
EBL AA Batteri	2800mAh	2000-2500mAh	300-800mAh
EBL Amashanyarazi	2800mAh	2500mAh	300mAh
Umwaka w'Ikiyoka AAA	1100mAh	950-960mAh	140-150mAh

Nubwo hari itandukaniro, bateri za EBL zikomeje kuba amahitamo yizewe kubaguzi bashaka ibisubizo bihendutse. Umwaka wa Dragon urukurikirane rusumba EBL selile zisanzwe, zitanga ubushobozi bwo kugumana ubushobozi. Bateri ya EBL AA mubusanzwe ipima hagati ya 2000-2500mAh, mugihe bateri ya Dragon igera kuri 2500mAh.

Inama:Abaguzi bagomba gutekereza kuri bateri ya EBL kubisabwa aho ubushobozi n'ubushobozi buciriritse aribyo byihutirwa. Mugihe ubushobozi bwapimwe bushobora kutagera kubisabwa byamamajwe, bateri za EBL ziracyatanga imikorere yizewe kumikoreshereze ya buri munsi.

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Tenergy Pro na XTAR: Guhitamo kwizewe kandi byoroshye

Tenergy Pro na XTAR biyerekanye nk'ibirango byiringirwa ku isoko rya batiri yishyurwa. Ibicuruzwa byabo bitanga impirimbanyi zihendutse kandi zizewe, bigatuma biba byiza kubakoresha neza ingengo yimari.

Bateri yumuriro wa Tenergy, nka moderi ya 2600mAh AA, itanga ikiguzi kinini nyuma yo kwishyuza bike. Abakoresha basubizamo igishoro cyabo nyuma yinzinguzingo eshatu, hamwe ninyongera yinyongera itanga amafaranga yo kuzigama. Iyi mikorere-ituma bateri ya Tenergy ikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwa alkaline.

Ibizamini byizewe byerekana uburebure bwa bateri ya Tenergy. Isuzuma rya Wirecutter ryerekana ko bateri ya 800mAh NiMH AA ya Tenergy ikomeza hafi yubushobozi bwayo bwamamajwe na nyuma yikurikiranwa rya 50. Ubushakashatsi bwa Trailcam Pro bugaragaza ko bateri ya Tenergy Premium AA igumana 86% yubushobozi bwayo ku bushyuhe buke, bigatuma imikorere idahwitse mubihe bigoye.

Batteri ya XTAR nayo itanga ibisubizo byizewe. Azwiho ubwubatsi bukomeye nubuzima burebure, ibicuruzwa bya XTAR byita kubaguzi bashaka bateri zihenze ariko zikora cyane.

Muguhuza ubushobozi hamwe nubwizerwe bwagaragaye, Tenergy Pro na XTAR bitanga ibisubizo byujuje ibyifuzo bya porogaramu zitandukanye, kuva mubikoresho byo murugo kugeza kubikoresho byo hanze.

Ubwoko bwa Batteri zishobora kwishyurwa hamwe no gukoresha imanza nziza

Batteri ya Litiyumu-Ion: Ubwinshi bw'ingufu nyinshi kandi bihindagurika

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yiganje ku isoko rya batiri ishobora kwishyurwa kubera ingufu zidasanzwe kandi zikora neza. Izi bateri zibika hagati ya 150-250 Wh / kg, irusha ubundi buryo nka lithium polymer (130-200 Wh / kg) na fosifate ya lithium (90-120 Wh / kg). Ubwinshi bwingufu zabo butuma biba byiza mubisabwa bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera, nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

• Gukora neza: Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yerekana uburyo bwo gusohora-90-95%, bigabanya gutakaza ingufu mugihe cyo gukora.
• Kuramba: Bashyigikira ubuzima bwagutse, butuma ikoreshwa kenshi nta bushobozi bugaragara.
• Kubungabunga: Bitandukanye na tekinoroji ishaje, bateri ya lithium-ion isaba kubungabungwa bike, bikuraho ibikenerwa gusohora buri gihe kugirango birinde ingaruka zo kwibuka.

Ibiranga bituma bateri ya lithium-ion ihuza inganda zose. Mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, bashoboza ibishushanyo byoroheje nimbaraga ndende. Mu rwego rwimodoka, zitanga intera ndende yo gutwara hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse, byujuje ibyifuzo byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Inama: Abaguzi bashaka bateri yizewe, ikora cyane kubikoresho bikoreshwa kenshi bagomba gushyira imbere amahitamo ya lithium-ion.

Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteri: Igiciro-Cyiza kandi kiramba

Bateri ya Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) itanga impirimbanyi zihendutse kandi ziramba, bigatuma bahitamo gukundwa murugo no mu nganda. Bihanganira 300-800 yishyuza-gusohora, kugumana ubushobozi mugihe no gutanga amafaranga yo kuzigama igihe kirekire.

• Inyungu mu bukungu: Nubwo igiciro cyabo cyambere kiri hejuru yingirabuzimafatizo zumye, bateri za NiMH ziba zifite ubukungu nyuma yizuba rike.
• Ikiguzi cyubuzima: Bateri zigezweho za NiMH zifite ubuzima bwikiguzi cyamadorari $ 0.28 / Wh, iri munsi ya 40% ugereranije na lithium-ion.
• Kuramba: Imiterere yabyo yishyurwa igabanya imyanda, igahuza intego zidukikije.

Batteri ya NiMH ikwiranye nibikoresho bisaba ingufu zingana, nka kamera, ibikinisho, n'amatara yimbere. Kuramba kwabo kandi gutuma kwizerwa kubintu byinshi bikoreshwa, harimo ibikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe na sisitemu yihutirwa.

Icyitonderwa: Abaguzi bashaka ibisubizo bidahenze hamwe ningufu zikenewe bakeneye gutekereza kuri bateri ya NiMH.

Amashanyarazi ya Acide-Acide: Porogaramu Ziremereye

Batteri ya aside-aside iruta iyindi mirimo iremereye bitewe nubushobozi bwayo nubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo biri hejuru ya reta-yishyurwa. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza iterambere mu kwakirwa no kuzenguruka ubuzima binyuze mu nyongeramusaruro ya karubone no mu miyoboro ya nanofiber.

Umutwe wo Kwiga	Ibisubizo by'ingenzi
Ingaruka zinyongera za karubone mukwakira amafaranga	Kunoza kwishyurwa kwishyurwa hamwe nubuzima bwikigihe mugihe igice-cy-ibiciro.
Igishushanyo cya Carbone Nanofibers	Kongera imbaraga ziboneka no kwihangana kubiciro byo hejuru.
Ibipimo byo Gutakaza Amazi	Ubushishozi mubikorwa bya bateri mubihe nyabyo-isi.

Izi bateri zikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi, inganda, ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Kwizerwa kwabo mubihe bisabwa bituma baba ingirakamaro mugukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.

Imenyesha: Bateri ya aside-acide nibyiza kubisabwa bisaba kuramba no gusohora ingufu nyinshi, nka sisitemu zo gusubira inyuma hamwe n’imashini ziremereye.

Batteri ya NiMH: Kumara igihe kirekire no Kwishira hasi

Bateri ya Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) igaragara kubushobozi bwabo bwo kugumana amafaranga mugihe kinini. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigezweho (LSD) NiMH ingirabuzimafatizo zakozwe kugirango zikemure ikibazo rusange cyo gutakaza ingufu byihuse, bituma bateri ziguma ziteguye gukoreshwa na nyuma yamezi yabitswe. Iyi mikorere ituma biba byiza kubikoresho bisaba imbaraga zizewe nta kwishyuza kenshi, nko kugenzura kure, amatara, hamwe na clavier idafite umugozi.

Inyungu zingenzi za Batteri ya NiMH

• Kwishira hasi: Batteri ya LSD NiMH igumana 85% yumuriro nyuma yumwaka umwe wabitswe, iruta moderi ya NiMH ishaje.
• Imikorere-Iramba: Izi bateri zihanganira 300 kugeza 500 zuzunguruka, zitanga ingufu zihoraho mubuzima bwabo bwose.
• Igishushanyo mbonera cyibidukikije: Bateri ya NiMH isubirwamo igabanya imyanda isimbuza bateri ya alkaline ikoreshwa, igahuza nintego zirambye.

Amashanyarazi akomeje, ariko, arashobora kwihutisha kwangirika muri bateri ishingiye kuri nikel. Abakoresha bagomba kwirinda gusiga bateri ya NiMH kuri charger igihe kinini kugirango babungabunge kuramba. Ibicuruzwa nka Eneloop na Ladda byagaragaje imikorere itandukanye mubihe nkibi, hamwe na moderi zimwe zerekana kwihangana kurenza izindi.

Inama: Kugirango wongere ubuzima bwa bateri ya NiMH, ubikure muri charger zimaze kwishyurwa byuzuye hanyuma ubibike ahantu hakonje, humye.

Porogaramu na Guhindura

Batteri ya NiMH irusha izindi porogaramu zisaba ingufu ziciriritse kandi zizewe igihe kirekire. Igipimo cyabo gito cyo kwisohora bituma bakora ibikoresho byihutirwa, nka disikete yerekana umwotsi hamwe na sisitemu yo gucana inyuma. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byamazi menshi, harimo kamera ya digitale hamwe nubugenzuzi bwimikino, byerekana byinshi.

Muguhuza kuramba hamwe nubuhanga buke bwo kwisohora, bateri za NiMH zitanga igisubizo cyizewe kubaguzi bashaka uburyo burambye bwo kwishyurwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibidukikije hamwe nibikorwa bihoraho bituma bahitamo agaciro haba mubikorwa bya buri munsi kandi byihariye.

Ibitekerezo byabaguzi

Guhuza Ubwoko bwa Bateri Kubikoresho

Guhitamo iburyobateri yumuriro kubikoreshoiremeza imikorere myiza no kuramba. Buri bwoko bwa bateri butanga ibiranga bidasanzwe bikwiranye na porogaramu zihariye. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion, nkurugero, nibyiza kubikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bitewe n’ubucucike bukabije kandi bukora neza. Bateri ya Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) kurundi ruhande, ikora neza mubikoresho byo murugo nka kamera nibikinisho, bitanga igihe kirekire kandi bitanga ingufu zingana.

Ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi, nkibikoresho byubuvuzi cyangwa ibikoresho byinganda, byungukira muri bateri ya aside-aside, izwiho gukomera no kwizerwa. Kubikoresho bidafite imiyoboro mike nko kugenzura kure cyangwa kumurika, bateri ya NiMH hamwe nigipimo gito cyo kwisohora itanga imikorere ihamye mugihe kinini. Guhuza ubwoko bwa batiri kubikoresho ntabwo byongera imikorere gusa ahubwo binagabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi, bizigama igihe n'amafaranga.

Inama: Buri gihe ugenzure ibyifuzo byuwabikoze kugirango umenye guhuza bateri nigikoresho.

Ingengo yimari nigiciro

Ibiciro byigiciro bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo bateri zishishwa. Mugihe ibiciro byambere bisa nkaho biri hejuru yuburyo bwakoreshwa, bateri zishobora kwishyurwa zitanga amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama igihe kirekire. Kurugero, bateri ya lithium-ion ifite igiciro cyambere cyamadorari 50 irashobora kwishyurwa inshuro zigera ku 1.000, bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi kumikoreshereze.

Ubwoko bw'Ibiciro	Ibisobanuro
Ikiguzi cyambere	Moderi ya bateri, inverter, abagenzuzi bishyuza, kwishyiriraho, ibyemezo.
Kuzigama igihe kirekire	Kugabanya fagitire z'amashanyarazi, wirinze ibiciro bivuye kubura, amafaranga yinjira.
Ibiciro byubuzima	Kubungabunga, amafaranga yo gusimbuza, garanti, ninkunga.
Kubara Urugero	Igiciro cyambere: $ 50.000; Kuzigama buri mwaka: $ 5,000; Igihe cyo kwishyura: imyaka 10.

Abaguzi bagomba kandi gutekereza kubiciro byubuzima, harimo kubungabunga no gusimbuza amafaranga. Batteri zifite igihe kirekire na garanti zitanga agaciro keza mugihe. Ibiciro birushanwe kumasoko birushaho kugirira akamaro abaguzi, nkuko ababikora bakora udushya kugirango batange ibisubizo bihendutse.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije no Kuramba

Batteri zishobora kwishyurwa zigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imyanda no kubungabunga umutungo. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion, kurugero, igira ingaruka nke kubidukikije ugereranije nuburyo bukoreshwa. Isuzuma ry'ubuzima (LCA) risuzuma ingaruka zabyo ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, uburozi bw’abantu, no kugabanuka kw'umutungo, bifasha abaguzi guhitamo neza.

Icyiciro Ingaruka	ASSB-LSB	LIB-NMC811	ASSB-NMC811
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe	Hasi	Hejuru	Hejuru
Uburozi bwa muntu	Hasi	Hasi	Hasi
Kugabanuka kw'amabuye y'agaciro	Hasi	Hasi	Hasi
Imiterere ya Oxidant ya Photochemiki	Hasi	Hasi	Hasi

Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu buhanga bwa batiri, nka bateri ya sodium-ion na aluminium-ion, birusheho kongera imbaraga mu gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bintu bidasanzwe by’isi. Muguhitamo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, abaguzi barashobora kugabanya ikirere cyibidukikije mugihe bishimiye ibisubizo byingufu byizewe.

Icyitonderwa: Kujugunya neza no gutunganya bateri zishobora kwishyurwa ni ngombwa kugirango hirindwe ibidukikije no kugarura ibikoresho byagaciro.

Icyubahiro na garanti

Icyamamare kiranga uruhare runini mumasoko ya batiri yumuriro. Abaguzi bakunze guhuza ibirango byashizweho neza no kwizerwa, imikorere, no guhaza abakiriya. Ababikora bafite icyubahiro gikomeye bahora batanga ibicuruzwa byujuje cyangwa birenze inganda. Ubwitange bwabo bufite ireme butera kwizerana nubudahemuka kubakoresha.

Ubwishingizi bwa garanti burashimangira kurushaho kwizerwa. Garanti yuzuye iragaragaza ikizere cyuwabikoze mugihe kirekire no mumikorere ya bateri. Igihe kirekire cya garanti yerekana kwiyemeza kuramba kubicuruzwa, mugihe serivisi zabakiriya zitabira zitanga inzira zidasubirwaho. Izi ngingo zigira uruhare muburambe bwabaguzi no kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye no kugura bateri zishishwa.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi byamamare na garanti

Ingingo y'ingenzi	Ibisobanuro
Ubuzima	Batteri igomba kwihanganira ibintu byinshi-bisohora ibintu nta gihombo kinini mubikorwa.
Ibiranga umutekano	Shakisha bateri zirinda umuriro mwinshi, gushyuha cyane, hamwe nigihe gito.
Kwihanganira Ubushyuhe	Batteri igomba gukora neza murwego rwubushyuhe.
Ubushobozi bwo Kwishyuza Byihuse	Hitamo bateri zishobora kwishyurwa vuba kugirango ugabanye igihe.
Igihe cya garanti	Garanti ndende yerekana uwabikoze yizeye kuramba kubicuruzwa.
Igifuniko Cyuzuye	Garanti igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibibazo bitandukanye, kuva inenge kugeza kunanirwa imikorere.
Korohereza ibirego	Igikorwa cyo gusaba garanti kigomba kuba cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye kubakoresha.
Serivise y'abakiriya	Garanti nziza ishyigikiwe ninkunga yabakiriya bitabira.

Ibicuruzwa nka Panasonic na LG Chem byerekana akamaro ko kumenyekana na garanti. Porotokole ikomeye ya Panasonic yerekana kwizerwa, mugihe ubufatanye bwa LG Chem nabakora ibinyabiziga bayobora byerekana inganda zayo. Ibigo byombi bitanga garanti ikubiyemo inenge nibibazo byimikorere, itanga amahoro yumutima kubaguzi.

Inama: Abaguzi bagomba gushyira imbere ibirango bifite izina ryemewe na garanti zitanga ubwishingizi bwuzuye. Ibi biranga kurinda ishoramari no kwemeza kunyurwa igihe kirekire.

Muguhitamo inganda zizwi zifite garanti zikomeye, abaguzi barashobora kwishimira imikorere yizewe no kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga. Ubu buryo bugabanya ingaruka kandi buzamura agaciro rusange muri bateri zishishwa.

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Inganda za batiri zishobora kwishyurwa zitera imbere mu guhanga udushya, hamwe n’abakora bayobora bashiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho mu mikorere, umutekano, kandi birambye. Ibigo nka Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, na EBL byagaragaje ubuhanga bwabyo binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ibicuruzwa byizewe. Kurugero, Panasonic irusha abandi kuramba, mugihe CATL yibanda kuramba no kwipimisha. Izi mbaraga zashimangiye imyanya yabo nk'abayobozi b'isoko.

Abakinnyi b'ingenzi	Umugabane w'isoko	Iterambere rya vuba
Panasonic	25%	Gutangiza ibicuruzwa bishya muri Q1 2023
LG Chem	20%	Kugura Isosiyete X.
Samsung SDI	15%	Kwaguka ku masoko yo mu Burayi

Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwa bateri nibipimo ngenderwaho nibyingenzi muguhitamo bateri nziza cyane. Ibintu nkubucucike bwingufu, igihe cyo kubaho, nibiranga umutekano byemeza imikorere myiza mubikorwa bitandukanye. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma ibyo bakeneye byihariye, nko guhuza ibikoresho ningaruka ku bidukikije, mbere yo kugura.

Urebye izi ngingo, abaguzi barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bihuye nibyifuzo byabo kandi bikagira uruhare mugihe kizaza kirambye.

Ibibazo

Nubuhe bwoko bwiza bwa bateri yumuriro kubikoresho bya buri munsi?

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion nibyiza kubikoresho bya buri munsi nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa kubera ingufu nyinshi kandi igihe kirekire. Kubikoresho byo murugo nko kugenzura kure cyangwa kumurika, bateri ya NiMH hamwe nigipimo gito cyo kwisohora itanga imikorere yizewe kandi ikora neza.

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Nigute nshobora kongera igihe cya bateri zanjye zishishwa?

Bika bateri ahantu hakonje, humye kandi wirinde kubishyira mubushyuhe bukabije. Kuraho bateri muri charger zimaze kwishyurwa byuzuye kugirango wirinde kwishyuza birenze. Kurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe kugirango akoreshwe neza kandi abungabunge ubuzima bwabo.

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Ese bateri zishobora kwishyurwa zangiza ibidukikije?

Batteri zishobora kwishyurwa zigabanya imyanda isimbuza uburyo bwakoreshwa, bigatuma ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion na NiMH igira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije ugereranije n'ubundi buryo. Gusubiramo neza bituma ibikoresho byagaciro bigarurwa, bikagabanya cyane ibidukikije.

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Nigute nahitamo bateri ikwiye kwishyurwa kubikoresho byanjye?

Huza ubwoko bwa bateri n'ibikoresho byawe bikenewe. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ikwiranye ningufu zingufu nyinshi, mugihe bateri ya NiMH ikora neza kubikorwa bitagabanije. Buri gihe ugenzure ibyifuzo byabakora kugirango bahuze kugirango barebe imikorere myiza.

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Ni ibihe bintu biranga umutekano nakagombye gushakisha muri bateri zishishwa?

Shakisha bateri zifite uburinzi bwubatswe kugirango zirenze urugero, ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n’umuzunguruko muto. Impamyabumenyi nka IEC 62133 yerekana kubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano ku isi. Ibi biranga ibikorwa byizewe kandi byizewe mubikorwa bitandukanye.